Literature Review: Factors Affecting the Microbiological Quality of Drinking Water at Drinking Water Depots

Abstract

Introduction: Refillable Drinking Water Depots (DAM) are one of the main alternatives in meeting people's drinking water needs because they are easily accessible and relatively affordable. However, several studies show that the microbiological quality of drinking water in DAM is still a problem, especially related to the presence of Escherichia coli bacteria and total coliform which has the potential to cause waterborne diseases such as diarrhea. Objective: This literature review aims to identify and analyze the factors that affect the quality of drinking water microbiology in DAM based on research in 2022–2025, article search via Google Scholar. Method: The method used was a literature review of five studies with a cross-sectional design that examined the variables of sanitation hygiene, equipment maintenance, processing process, personal hygiene operator, sanitation of the place, raw water source, and water storage time. Result and Discussion: The results of the study showed that the most consistent factors related to the quality of microbiology were equipment sanitation, operator/handler hygiene, and drinking water maintenance and treatment process. Meanwhile, some studies have found that raw water sources and storage times do not necessarily show a significant relationship. Conclusion: These findings confirm that aspects of hygiene, sanitation, and operational management of DAM have an important role in preventing bacteriological contamination. Therefore, routine supervision, coaching, and increased compliance with sanitation hygiene standards are needed to ensure the safety of refillable drinking water for the community