KESANS : International Journal of Health and Science
KESANS : International Journal of Health and Science provides a means for ongoing discussion of the relevant issues that fall within the focus and scope of the journal that can be examined empirically. This journal publishes research articles about Health and Science. Articles published are the results of research, studies or scientific studies on important and current issues or scientific book reviews. The Scope of the KESANS : International Journal of Health and Science includes the following areas: Health: Medicine, Nursing, Midwifery, Public Health, Health Technology, Occupational Health and Safety, Pharmacy, and Physiotherapy Science: Botany, Zoology, Biosystematics, Molecular genetics, Biotechnology, Biodiversity, Microbiology, Ecology, Environmental science, Biospeleology, Food Technology, Agriculture, Forestry, Pharmacology, Biomedi Physics (Theoretical Physics Study, Geophysics, Materials Physics, Radiation Physics, Instrumentation Physics, Computing Physics, Astronomy and Astrophysics) Chemical (Analytical Chemistry, Medicinal Biochemistry and Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, Nuclear Chemistry and Radioactivity, Organic Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics, Sustainable and Environmental Chemistry, Theoretical and Computational Chemistry)
Effectiveness of Nivolumab and Pembrolizumab as PD-1 Inhibitors in Unresectable or Metastatic Advanced Melanoma: A Systematic Review
Introduction: Advanced melanoma is associated with poor prognosis because of limited effective treatment options, however, programmed cell death protein-1 inhibitors have transformed therapeutic strategies and significantly improved patient survival. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of nivolumab and pembrolizumab in patients with unresectable or metastatic advanced melanoma. Method: A systematic review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 guidelines using PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Wiley Online Library to identify studies published between 2020 and 2026. Clinical trials, randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, and single-arm studies reporting overall survival, progression-free survival, or objective response rate were included. Result and Discussion: wenty studies were included. PD-1 inhibitor monotherapy significantly improved overall survival versus ipilimumab (pembrolizumab: 32.7 vs. 15.9 months; nivolumab: 36.9 vs. 19.9 months). Nivolumab plus ipilimumab achieved overall survival exceeding 70 months with objective response rates up to 58%. Nivolumab combined with relatlimab improved progression-free survival (10.2 vs. 4.6 months) compared with monotherapy. Nivolumab also remained effective in brain metastases, though some combinations increased toxicity without added benefit. Conclusion: Nivolumab and pembrolizumab provide significant clinical benefits in unresectable or metastatic advanced melanoma by improving survival and treatment response
Copyright (c) 2026 Naomi Winny Tioline, Subagio Subagio, Wita Zahara https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Development of a High BCAA Enkaje Ginger Mung Bean Enteral Formula For Cancer Patients
Introduction: The development of Enteral Formula with local food ingredients of mung bean flour produces enteral formulation from local food ingredients whose taste, aroma, color, and texture are acceptable to the community, and the osmolality value remains according to the standard to support the recovery of cancer patients. Objective: The purpose of this study was to develop a more economical Enteral Formula with a higher BCAA value than the Commercial Formula. Method: The type of research was quantitative with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) experimental design. Result and Discussion: The results showed that F1, F2, F3, and Commercial were not readable with a viscometer, while the osmolality test of F2 476.5 mOsm/L, F3 450 mOsm/L and Commercial 400 mOsm/L obtained results according to the standard, while F1 was above the standard at 516 mOsm/L. The selected enteral formula was F2, with a ratio of 65% mung bean flour to 65% skim milk. The organoleptic test for taste, aroma, texture, and overall performance achieved the highest total of 60-79%, indicating a favorable and acceptable level of acceptance. Conclusion: It also had a lower price of Rp 4,868.17 per serving compared to the commercial formula at Rp 29,450. It also had a higher BCAA content than the commercial formula, in line with the research objectives
Copyright (c) 2026 Amanda Bulan Ramadhani, Almas Dhiyani Lumintang, Dwi Sarbini https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Multimodal Rehabilitation Combining -Wide-Focused Li-ESWT- and Behavioral Therapy for Coexisting Underactive Bladder, Mild BPH, and Erectile Dysfunction: A Case Report
Introduction: Managing coexisting detrusor underactivity (UAB), benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and erectile dysfunction (ED) remains challenging when symptoms persist despite maximal medical therapy. Objective: To evaluate the clinical outcomes of a multimodal neurorehabilitation approach combining -wide-focused low-intensity extracorporeal shockwave therapy- (Li-ESWT), fluid management, and relaxation-focused pelvic floor muscle training in a patient with refractory UAB, mild BPH, and ED. Method: A 66-year-old male with cardiometabolic risk presented with persistent lower urinary tract symptoms and ED despite treatment with Dutasteride/Tamsulosin and Bethanechol. Baseline ultrasound showed mild prostatic enlargement (35.4 g), voided volume of 298 mL, peak flow rate (Qmax) of 21.4 mL/s, and post-void residual (PVR) of 100-150 mL. The patient underwent a 12-week multimodal rehabilitation program. Result and Discussion: PVR decreased from 100–150 mL to 40–50 mL, reducing clean intermittent catheterization (CIC) from 3–4 to 1–2 times daily. Functional voided volume increased to 380 mL, nocturnal dribbling resolved, and Qmax remained non-obstructive at 18.2 mL/s, indicating improved detrusor contractile function and quality of life. Conclusions: Multimodal neurorehabilitation incorporating Li-ESWT, behavioral modification, and pelvic floor training may provide a promising non-invasive treatment for refractory UAB, BPH, and ED
Copyright (c) 2026 Farida Arisanti, Anjar Setiadi, Winge W. Arline, Rinesa Larasati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Development of an Integrated Grass-Cutting SOP Based on Permit to Work and API 500/505 Standards for Improving OHS System Reliability
Introduction: Grass-cutting activities in upstream oil and gas facilities present significant safety risks, particularly in hazardous classified areas. Previous incidents revealed inadequate integration between the Permit to Work (PTW) system and API 500/505 hazardous area classification standards, resulting in insufficient hazard control Objective: To develop and evaluate an integrated Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) combining PTW requirements with API 500/505 standards to improve OHS system reliability Method: An action research design with mixed-methods approach was conducted at PT XYZ Oil & Gas Indonesia, drawing on 141 maintenance-related incidents (2019–2024) and validated through a five-month pilot implementation Results and Discussion: Baseline assessment revealed weaknesses in PTW compliance (67%), permit quality (58%), hazard identification (45%), and personnel competency (50.9%). Following SOP implementation, competency increased significantly to 80.4% (t=23.330; p<0.05), with N-Gain of 0.602 and 88.9% of participants achieving competency targets. The intervention demonstrated a very large practical effect (Cohen's d≈7.78). Conclusion: The integrated SOP effectively improved personnel competency and strengthened OHS system reliability, providing a practical approach to safer grass-cutting operations in upstream oil and gas facilities
Copyright (c) 2026 Elen Sahan Wijaya, Felixtianus Eko Wismo Winarto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Prolonged Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time in Adults with Nephrotic Syndrome: A Case Report
Introduction: Nephrotic syndrome is classically associated with a hypercoagulable state driven by the compensatory hepatic overproduction of procoagulant proteins and platelet hyperreactivity. However, massive proteinuria can rarely disrupt this paradigm, inducing a paradoxical bleeding diathesis that presents a significant clinical challenge. Discussion: A 22-year-old man presented to the emergency department with a two-week history of generalized edema and a recent onset of melena. Laboratory investigations revealed profound hypoalbuminemia (1.1 g/dL) and extraordinary, massive nephrotic-range proteinuria (63.42 g/24 h), accompanied by dyslipidemia and anemia. Coagulation profiling demonstrated a significantly prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) of 51.4 seconds, confirming an active upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage in the setting of ultra-severe nephrotic. He was treated with methylprednisolone, furosemide, candesartan, and simvastatin, together with albumin transfusion for severe hypoalbuminemia. Conclusion: This case highlights a rare hemorrhagic paradox in nephrotic syndrome and underscores the importance of prompt coagulation workup, including a mixing study, when bleeding occurs in a condition typically considered prothrombotic
Copyright (c) 2026 Mutiara Ferina, Alvina Alvina, Karina Shasri Anastasya, Deasyka Yastani; Andira Larasari, Rima Anindita Primandari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Epidemiological Investigation Report of Food Poisoning in Banjarsari, Kanigoro District, Blitar Regency, 2025
Introduction: Food poisoning is still one of the causes of extraordinary events (KLB) that often occur in community activities, especially at events with large amounts of food processing. Epidemiological investigations are necessary to identify patterns of occurrence, risk factors, and possible sources of exposure. Objective: This study aims to describe the pattern of occurrences, analyze risk factors, and identify possible sources of food poisoning in KLB in Banjarsari Village, Kanigoro District in 2025. Method: A descriptive observational investigation used case interviews, epidemic curve analysis, attack rate and attack rate ratio calculations, laboratory testing of food remnants, and observations. Result and Discussion: The epidemic curve indicated a common-source outbreak, with incubation periods ranging from 4 to 29 hours. Several foods showed high attack rates, but attack rate ratios were close to one, indicating no single dominant food source. Laboratory tests of three food samples were negative for pathogenic bacteria, although sample limitations and the absence of clinical specimens reduced interpretation. Environmental assessment identified unsafe food processing and storage practices. Conclusion: The incidence of food poisoning in Banjarsari Village, Kanigoro District in 2025 is a common source outbreak that is most likely caused by a combination of food processing factors that do not meet sanitary hygiene standards, inappropriate food storage, and risky environmental conditions, even though laboratory test results show negative results
Copyright (c) 2026 Widyawati Ratnasariani, Rismawati Rismawati, Siti Shofiya Novita Sari, Endro Pramono https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Workload, Time Efficiency, and Fatigue on Miners’ Safety Behavior: A Literature Review
Introduction: The mining industry contributes substantially to Indonesia’s economy but exposes workers to high mental demand, time pressure, and prolonged shifts that may compromise safe performance. Previous studies examined workload, the speed–accuracy trade-off, and fatigue in isolation, mostly in manufacturing or laboratory settings, leaving their combined influence on miners’ safety behavior poorly understood. Objective: This research aimed to synthesize existing evidence on how workload, time efficiency, and fatigue relate to the safety behavior of mining workers, and to clarify the gap in the current literature, within a human factors and ergonomics framework. Methods: A narrative literature review was conducted on peer-reviewed articles published between 2016 and 2025, retrieved from major scientific databases; sources were analyzed thematically around four constructs, namely human factors, workload, time efficiency, and fatigue, and their link to safety behavior. Results and Discussion: The literature shows that excessive workload, an unfavorable speed–accuracy trade-off, and accumulated fatigue each reduce accuracy and weaken safety compliance and participation; however, these factors have largely been examined in isolation and outside the mining sector, so their integrated influence on miners’ safety behavior remains unaddressed. Conclusion: Workload, time efficiency, and fatigue jointly shape safety behavior, yet an integrated accuracy model for high-risk mining environments is still a clear gap that future empirical research should address
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Isranul Hakim, Sumaryono Sumaryono https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Evaluation of Additional Emergency Brake Button Installation to Reduce Risk Priority Number (RPN) for Main Emergency Brake Failure in a 350 HP Drawworks Rig
Introduction: Emergency brake failure in a 350 HP drawwork rig poses significant operational and safety risks due to single-point-of-failure conditions within the braking system. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of installing a secondary emergency brake system in reducing the Risk Priority Number (RPN) and mitigating the risk of primary emergency brake failure. Method: A quantitative evaluative approach was employed using integrated Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) and Fault Tree Analysis (FTA), with data collected from maintenance records, inspection reports, failure records, and incident reports over a 12-month operational period. Results and Discussion: The results showed that the implementation of the secondary emergency brake significantly reduced RPN values by 55.6%-63.4% and decreased system failure probability by 63.8%73.3%, while improving system reliability, emergency response capability, and operational safety through the elimination of single-point-of-failure conditions using a dual pilot valve configuration. The integration of FMEA and FTA enabled a comprehensive assessment of critical failure modes, causal relationships, and risk mitigation priorities. Conclusions: The installation of a secondary emergency brake system is an effective risk mitigation strategy that enhances the safety, reliability, and operational performance of 350 HP drawwork rigs while providing a comprehensive framework for evaluating critical safety systems in drilling operations.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rozi Mexiwel, Benidiktus Tulung Prayoga, Lilik Dwi Setyana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Identification of Microplastics in River Sediments: Type, Abundance, and Characteristics of Asam River Sediment, Jambi City
Introduction: Microplastics have become a critical environmental pollutant in aquatic ecosystems, particularly in river sediments. The Asam River, a tributary of the Batanghari River in Jambi City, Indonesia, experiences substantial anthropogenic pressure from surrounding settlements, markets, and recreational areas. Objective: This study aimed to identify the types, abundance, colour variation, size distribution, and sediment characteristics of microplastics in the Asam River, Jambi City. Method: Sediment samples were collected from 9 sampling points using the grab sampling method (depth 0.8 – 1.2 m). Microplastic identification was performed by visual inspection under a stereo microscope. Sediment characterisation included analyses of water content, sand fraction, and silt content. Result and Discussion: A total of 152 microplastic particles were identified. Filaments dominated at 54.60%, followed by fibres (32.23%), fragments (10.52%), and granules (2.63%). Particle sizes ranged from 0.085 to 4.907 mm with a mean of 0.699 mm. Blue and transparent colours were predominant across all sampling points. Sampling point 1 recorded the highest abundance (30 particles; 20%), attributed to its proximity to dense urban activities and the Batanghari River confluence. Sampling point 6 had the lowest abundance (7 particles; 5%) and was located adjacent to plantation areas. Conclusion: Asam River sediment is contaminated by microplastics dominated by filament-type particles, with abundance strongly associated with proximity to human settlements and commercial activities.
Copyright (c) 2026 Riska Rahmah Dani Fitria, Nazarudin Nazarudin, Mohd Zuhdi, Yuni Haryati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Clinical Effectiveness of Programmed Cell Death Protein-1 (PD-1) Inhibitors in Advanced Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review
Introduction: Advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is associated with a poor prognosis, particularly in patients with unresectable locally advanced or metastatic disease, while conventional systemic therapies generally achieve objective response rates below 30%. Objective: This study aimed to systematically evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Programmed Cell Death Protein-1 (PD-1) inhibitors in patients with advanced cSCC. Method: A PRISMA 2020-based systematic review searched PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Wiley Online Library for studies published from January 2020 to March 2026. Twenty eligible studies involving cemiplimab, pembrolizumab, or nivolumab were included. Result and Discussion: Clinical trials reported objective response rates of 44.0–45.2% for cemiplimab, 35.2–50.0% for pembrolizumab, and 61.3% for nivolumab, while real-world studies reported 35.1–80.6%. Comparative studies showed improved overall survival and durable responses. Common adverse events included fatigue, rash, and immune-related toxicities. Conclusion: PD-1 inhibitors provide effective and well-tolerated first-line systemic therapy for advanced cSCC
Copyright (c) 2026 Wita Zahara, Subagio Subagio, Naomi Winny Tioline, Iman Agus Lisanto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Relationship Between Tree Diversity and Carbon Stock in Muhammad Sabki Urban Forest, Jambi City, as Baseline Information for Regional Carbon Economic Value Development
Introduction: Urban forests play a critical role in biodiversity conservation, carbon storage, and climate change mitigation. Baseline data on vegetation diversity and carbon stock are essential for sustainable urban forest management and Carbon Economic Value (CEV) development Objective: This study aimed to analyze the relationship between tree vegetation diversity and carbon stock in Muhammad Sabki Urban Forest, Jambi City. Method: A quantitative descriptive-analytic approach was applied through a census of all trees with DBH ≥ 10 cm. Biomass, carbon stock, and CO₂-eq were estimated using allometric equations and standard conversion factors. The relationship between vegetation diversity and carbon stock was analyzed using Pearson correlation and simple linear regression. Results and Discussion: A total of 1,130 trees representing 29 species were recorded. Total aboveground biomass reached 269.531 tons, with carbon stock of 126.679 tons C equivalent to 464.913 tons CO₂-eq. Zone 2 had the highest carbon stock while Zone 3 showed the greatest species diversity. All vegetation diversity indices were positively correlated with carbon stock, with the Shannon-Wiener index showing the strongest relationship (r=0.592), followed by the Margalef index (r=0.441) and Pielou index (r=0.201). Conclusion: Tree vegetation diversity was positively associated with carbon stock in Muhammad Sabki Urban Forest. Carbon storage was influenced by both vegetation diversity and stand structure. The results provide baseline information for carbon inventory and regional Carbon Economic Value development
Copyright (c) 2026 Endri Kusno, Fazriyas Fazriyas, Mohd Zuhdi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Inheritance of the ebony Trait in Drosophila Melanogaster through Reciprocal Crosses
Introduction: Mendel’s First Law states that allele pairs segregate during gamete formation, producing predictable inheritance patterns. The ebony body-color mutation in Drosophila melanogaster is a useful model for studying Mendelian inheritance. Objective: This study aimed to verify the segregation pattern of the ebony trait and determine whether its inheritance is autosomal or sex-linked. Method: A Completely Randomized Design with two reciprocal crossing treatments, female normal × male ebony and female ebony × male normal, was conducted from February to April 2026. Second-generation offspring were classified into normal and ebony phenotypes and analyzed using the Chi-square test. Result and Discussion: The female normal × male ebony cross produced 354 normal and 116 ebony individuals, yielding a ratio of 3.05:1. The reciprocal cross produced 578 normal and 195 ebony individuals with a ratio of 2.96:1. All Chi-square values were lower than 3.84, indicating agreement with the expected 3:1 ratio. Similar results from both reciprocal crosses indicate that inheritance of the trait is independent of parental sex. Conclusion: The ebony trait in Drosophila melanogaster is inherited as an autosomal recessive allele in accordance with Mendel’s First Law of Segregation
Copyright (c) 2026 Najmadina Aulia Hanifa, Talita Dwi Ardiningrum, Alya Galuh Kirana, Ajwah Ulya Sahira, Muslih Munadi Amin, Muhamad Justitia Ramadhan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Effectiveness of Health Education in Improving Mothers' Knowledge of Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) Massage Therapy to Support Toddlers' Sleep Quality and Health
Introduction: Maternal knowledge plays an important role in determining the successful implementation of complementary health interventions for toddlers. Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) massage therapy has been widely recognized as a safe and affordable complementary practice that may improve children's sleep quality and overall well-being. However, the effectiveness of health education in improving mothers' knowledge and understanding of VCO massage therapy remains inadequately investigated, particularly in primary healthcare settings. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of health education on mothers' knowledge, understanding, and perceptions regarding Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) massage therapy for toddlers at Cempaka Public Health Center. Method: A quantitative pre-experimental study employing a one-group pretest–posttest design was conducted among mothers of toddlers. Participants received structured health education regarding the benefits, indications, and proper techniques of VCO massage therapy. Data were collected using validated questionnaires before and after the educational intervention. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize participant characteristics, while changes in knowledge, understanding, and perceptions were analyzed by comparing pretest and posttest scores. Results: Health education substantially improved mothers' knowledge and understanding of VCO massage therapy. The proportion of respondents with good knowledge increased from 40.0% to 86.7%, while understanding of the benefits of VCO massage for improving toddlers' sleep quality increased from 50.0% to 90.0%. Understanding of its potential role in supporting children's health increased from 60.0% to 93.3%, and correct knowledge of massage techniques improved from 46.7% to 83.3%. Furthermore, support for routine implementation of VCO massage therapy increased from 66.7% to 96.7%. The mean knowledge score increased from 62.5 to 85.4, while understanding and perception scores also showed substantial improvement following the intervention. Conclusion: Health education effectively improved mothers' knowledge, understanding, and positive perceptions regarding Virgin Coconut Oil massage therapy for toddlers. Strengthening parental education may enhance the adoption of evidence-informed complementary childcare practices in community healthcare settings.
Copyright (c) 2026 Lina Ratnasari, Novita Ayu Indraswati, Nita Hestiyana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Risk Control Strategy for Mobile Crane through Active Safety Barrier Using PIR Sensor: A Literature Review
Introduction: Mobile crane operations carry high accident risk in the line of fire zone, where workers face falling objects, load swing, and operator blind spots; national data show heavy-equipment accidents remain a significant contributor to occupational accidents, while control still relies on passive barriers dependent on worker compliance. Objective: This review examines theories and concepts underlying an active safety-barrier risk-control strategy using Passive Infrared (PIR) sensors in the line of fire zone of mobile crane operations. Method: A narrative literature review across nine themes: Hierarchy of Controls, Swiss Cheese Model, human error and human factors, ISO 31000:2018 risk management, mobile crane safety, the line of fire concept, the Bowtie method, passive-active safety barrier concepts, and PIR sensor technology. Result and Discussion: The nine themes are complementary and can be integrated into one theoretical framework, positioning the PIR sensor as an engineering control that closes latent and active gaps in the Swiss Cheese Model, mitigates human-factor limitations, and can be evaluated through ISO 31000 risk matrices and Bowtie diagrams before and after implementation. Conclusion: A PIR-based active safety barrier integrated with systemic risk management is potentially more reliable than administrative controls and PPE alone in reducing line of fire accident risk
Copyright (c) 2026 Robi Kurnia, Nur Rohman Rosyid https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
The Relationship between Body Image and Bullying Behavior among Adolescents at SMK Bunga Persada Cianjur
Introduction: Bullying is a psychosocial problem widely experienced by adolescents and has a serious impact on mental health and social development. One of the associated factors is body image. Objective: This study aimed to determine the relationship between body image and bullying behavior among adolescents at SMK Bunga Persada Cianjur in 2025. Method: This study used a quantitative correlational design with a cross-sectional approach. The population consisted of 291 eleventh-grade students, with 168 respondents determined using the Slovin formula. The research instruments were body image and bullying questionnaires. Data were analyzed using the Chi-Square test at a significance level of 0.05. Result and Discussion: Ninety-four respondents (56.0%) had a positive body image and 74 respondents (44.0%) had a negative body image. Seventy-nine respondents (47.0%) experienced bullying and 89 respondents (53.0%) did not. The Chi-Square test showed a significant relationship between body image and bullying behavior (p = 0.000; p < 0.05). Conclusions: There is a significant relationship between body image and bullying behavior among adolescents. The more positive an adolescent's body image, the lower their tendency to be involved in bullying
Copyright (c) 2026 Inggit Sri Kusdiyanty, Victoria Firman Widouzan, Vironica Rahmantio, Sephia Rapiani Hardiana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Risk-Based Communication Model for the Prevention of Serious Injuries and Fatalities at PT XYZ
Introduction: Serious injuries and fatalities (SIF) remain critical challenges in facility service operations, where risk messages often fail to translate into safe frontline behavior. Objective: This study aimed to develop and validate a risk-based communication model to strengthen safety awareness, assertive behavior, and SIF prevention at PT XYZ. Method: A descriptive qualitative applied design was used through field observation, in-depth interviews, focus group discussion, document review, and expert judgment. Supporting data included incident records, workforce demographics, safety climate indicators, and a risk communication questionnaire involving 100 respondents. Result and discussion: Findings showed that existing communication channels were mostly linear, administrative, and text-based, causing habituation, information overload, and weak personal risk appreciation. Key barriers included safety silence, high power distance, low assertiveness toward senior workers, and service pressure that encouraged out-of-scope work. The S-C-F model integrated Standardization through visual Scope of Work cards, Confidence through Stop Work Authority and DESC scripting, and Feedback Loop through check-back communication for non-routine work. Expert validation produced a mean feasibility score of 3.68, indicating a very feasible model. Conclusion: The S-C-F model is applicable for improving risk communication and preventing SIF in high-risk facility service operations
Copyright (c) 2026 Perie Anugraha Wiguna, Ari Hernawan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Differences in of Adolescent Girls Knowledge and Attitudes on Vulva Hygiene Before and After Health Education in Mojokerto Regency
Introduction: Fluor albus or vaginal discharge is a common condition among adolescent girls and may be physiological or pathological in nature. Inadequate knowledge and improper vulva hygiene practices can increase the risk of pathological fluor albus. Objective: This study aimed to determine the differences in knowledge and attitudes of adolescent girls regarding vulva hygiene in the prevention of fluor albus before and after health education at MAN X Mojokerto Regency. Method: This study used a pre-experimental one-group pretest-posttest design involving 71 respondents selected through convenience sampling. Data were collected using validated and reliable knowledge and attitude questionnaires and analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test. Result and Discussion: The average knowledge score increased from 67.96 in the pre-test to 84.15 in the post-test, while the average attitude score increased from 69.42 to 80.51. The Wilcoxon Signed -Rank Test showed significant differences in adolescent girls' knowledge and attitudes regarding vulva hygiene in prevention of fluor albus before and after health education intervention (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Significant differences observed in adolescent girls’ knowledge were and attitudes regarding vulva hygiene in the prevention of fluor albus before and after health education.
Copyright (c) 2026 Aulia Maharani, Indra Yuliati, Andriyanti Andriyanti, Dewi Setyowati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Projected Impacts of Climate Variables on Oil Palm Productivity at PT Kumala Jambi Prakasa
Introduction: Oil palm productivity is influenced by climate variability through biological time lag effects due to its long reproductive cycle. Objective: This study aimed to analyze historical climate characteristics, evaluate the effects of macroclimatic variables on oil palm productivity using a time lag approach, develop the best regression model, and estimate the impacts of climate change under RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios at PT Kumala Jambi Prakasa. Method: Monthly data on rainfall, temperature, humidity, and Fresh Fruit Bunch (FFB) productivity during 2016–2025, along with bias-corrected Global Climate Model (GCM) projections, were analyzed using Pearson correlation with time lag (0–24 months) and multiple linear regression. Results and Discussion: The results showed that rainfall and humidity significantly affected productivity at an 8-month lag, while temperature had a significant effect at a 4-month lag. The developed multiple linear regression model explained 29.23% of the variation in oil palm productivity. Climate projections under RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 indicated declining productivity through 2035, with maximum reductions of 48.97% and 45.92%, respectively. These findings highlight the importance of adaptive strategies, including improved water management, climate-resilient varieties, and climate-based production planning. Conclusion: Oil palm productivity responds to climate variability through delayed physiological processes, and understanding these time lag effects is essential for developing long-term adaptation strategies under future climate change conditions.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nurul Hidayah Yuliani, Asmadi Saad, Ermadani Ermadani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
The Relationship of Personal Hygiene to the Number of Eggs Soil Transmitted Helminths on Hand Nail Dirt
Introduction: Soil Transmitted Helminths are worms whose life cycle takes place partly in the soil and are the tenth most common infection worldwide. STH infections are transmitted through poor personal hygiene and often occur in children aged 3–8 years. Objective: This study aims to determine the relationship between personal hygiene and the number of STH eggs in the fingernail dirt of students at Elementary School 40 Pekanbaru. Method: Observational analytic with a cross-sectional approach to samples that meet the inclusion criteria. Result and Discussion: The results of 116 samples obtained as many as 97 samples with good personal hygiene were found to have STH eggs of around 35.1%; as many as 17 samples with sufficient personal hygiene were found to have STH eggs of around 100%; as many as 2 samples with poor personal hygiene were found to have STH eggs of around 100%. Conclusion: Based on the Spearman correlation test with P=0.000, p value <0.05 was obtained which indicated a significant relationship between personal hygiene and the number of STH eggs in fingernail dirt. The number of Soil Transmitted Helminths eggs was found to be lower in someone with a high level of personal hygiene
Copyright (c) 2026 Nurmaliza Hasan, Yulnefia Yulnefia, Eva Oktariani, Retha Arvina Permata https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Strategic Policy Development for Flood Control in the Kambang Watershed of Jambi City Using SWOT–AHP Analysis
Introduction: Flooding is one of the major environmental challenges in Jambi City, particularly within the Kambang Watershed. High sedimentation rates, land-use changes, reduced drainage capacity, and rapid urban development have increased flood vulnerability in the area. Objective: This study aimed to identify the internal and external factors affecting flood control in the Kambang Watershed and to determine priority strategies for effective and sustainable flood management. Methods: The study employed an integrated Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) analysis and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) approach. SWOT analysis was used to identify strategic factors influencing flood control, while AHP was applied to prioritize alternative strategies based on their relative importance. Results and Discussion: The results indicated that flood management in the Kambang Watershed is positioned in Quadrant II (Strength–Threat), suggesting that strong internal capacities can be utilized to address significant external threats. The proposed strategies include research and technology collaboration, implementation of sediment-control technology, enhancement of river normalization and rehabilitation programs, and integrated sediment management combined with river widening. The AHP results revealed that the implementation of sediment-control technology was the highest-priority strategy, with a weight of 0.46. Conclusion: Sediment control is the most critical strategy for reducing flood risk in the Kambang Watershed and should be supported by river rehabilitation programs, technological innovation, and stakeholder collaboration to achieve sustainable flood management while enhancing environmental health and public safety
Copyright (c) 2026 Jempater Agus Salim Sirait, Hutwan Syarifuddin, Fuad Muchlis https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Perceived Health Benefits of the Banjar Bapukung Tradition for Children: A Qualitative Phenomenological Study in South Kalimantan, Indonesia
Introduction: Bapukung is a traditional Banjar infant-care practice in which a baby is wrapped and gently rocked in a cloth swing until calm or asleep. Although the practice remains part of local caregiving culture in South Kalimantan, qualitative evidence on its perceived health benefits for children is still limited. Objective: This study This study aimed to explore community perspectives on the perceived benefits of the Banjar bapukung tradition for children’s health in South Kalimantan, Indonesia. Method: A qualitative study with a phenomenological approach was conducted in Palam Village, South Kalimantan, in 2026. Seventeen informants consisting of mothers, caregivers, and community members with experience or knowledge of bapukung were selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and field observations and analyzed thematically using NVivo. Results: Four major themes emerged: bapukung is perceived to improve children’s sleep quality, calm children and reduce fussiness, strengthen emotional bonding between mother and child, and represent a valuable cultural heritage that should be practiced safely. Participants viewed bapukung as a comforting and practical caregiving method that supports children’s rest and emotional well-being. Conclusion: The Banjar bapukung tradition is perceived to provide positive benefits for children’s comfort, sleep quality, calmness, and emotional well-being, while requiring safe implementation and culturally sensitive health education
Copyright (c) 2026 Nahdah Nahdah, Novita Ayu Indraswati, Merlin Karinda https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Factors Associated with JKN Premium Payment Compliance Among PBPU Participants in Jambi City
Introduction: Compliance with National Health Insurance premium payments is essential for ensuring the sustainability of Indonesia's health insurance system. However, many independent participants fail to pay premiums on time. Objective: This study aimed to identify factors associated with premium payment compliance among Non-Wage Recipient Participants in Jambi City. Method: A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted among 106 participants selected through random sampling. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics and the Chi-square test with a significance level of 0.05. Results and Discussion: Employment, knowledge, income, payment method, history of catastrophic disease, perceptions of healthcare services, and family support were significantly associated with premium payment compliance. Participants with stable employment, better knowledge, higher income, convenient payment methods, positive healthcare service perceptions, a history of catastrophic disease, and stronger family support were more likely to comply with premium payments. These findings indicate that compliance is influenced by multiple socioeconomic, behavioral, and healthcare-related factors. Conclusion: Strengthening health education, improving healthcare service quality, expanding accessible payment channels, and increasing family support may enhance premium payment compliance and contribute to the sustainability of the National Health Insurance program
Copyright (c) 2026 Leni Novita Sari, Dwi Noerjoedianto, M Ridwan M Ridwan, Budi Aswin, Ashar Nuzulul Putra https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/