KESANS : International Journal of Health and Science
KESANS : International Journal of Health and Science provides a means for ongoing discussion of the relevant issues that fall within the focus and scope of the journal that can be examined empirically. This journal publishes research articles about Health and Science. Articles published are the results of research, studies or scientific studies on important and current issues or scientific book reviews. The Scope of the KESANS : International Journal of Health and Science includes the following areas: Health: Medicine, Nursing, Midwifery, Public Health, Health Technology, Occupational Health and Safety, Pharmacy, and Physiotherapy Science: Botany, Zoology, Biosystematics, Molecular genetics, Biotechnology, Biodiversity, Microbiology, Ecology, Environmental science, Biospeleology, Food Technology, Agriculture, Forestry, Pharmacology, Biomedi Physics (Theoretical Physics Study, Geophysics, Materials Physics, Radiation Physics, Instrumentation Physics, Computing Physics, Astronomy and Astrophysics) Chemical (Analytical Chemistry, Medicinal Biochemistry and Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, Nuclear Chemistry and Radioactivity, Organic Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics, Sustainable and Environmental Chemistry, Theoretical and Computational Chemistry)
The Relationship between Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Iron Supplementation and the Incidence of Anemia
Introduction: Anemia is a major health problem among women of reproductive age, including female university students, and iron tablet consumption is an important preventive measure. Objective: To analyze the relationship between knowledge, attitudes, and practices of iron tablet consumption and anemia among female medical students. Method: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted involving 84 female medical students from the 2023 cohort at University X, selected through convenience sampling. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire on knowledge, attitudes, and practices of iron tablet consumption, and hemoglobin levels were measured by finger-prick tests. The relationship between independent variables and anemia status was analyzed using the chi-square test. Result and Discussion: Most respondents had good knowledge and positive attitudes, but unsatisfactory practices regarding iron tablet consumption. Higher knowledge, more positive attitudes, and appropriate practices were associated with a lower prevalence of anemia, indicating a gap between what students know and what they actually do. Conclusions: Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of iron tablet consumption showed a significant relationship with anemia incidence, so targeted interventions are needed to improve adherence to iron tablet consumption among female students.
Copyright (c) 2025 Hertina Silaban, Josephine Gracia Tennes, Vidi Posdo A Simarmata https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
The Relationship Between Mothers’ Interests and Multiple Immunization in Rejoslamet Village
Immunization is a proactive measure to boost the immune system's ability to ward off or significantly reduce the severity of certain illnesses. Infant mortality rate (IMR) and vaccine-preventable disease (VPD3I) risk are both exacerbated by children's incomplete repeated vaccinations. Knowledge, attitude, and interest all have a role on how well a person completes multiple immunizations. community, family, and traditional practices; family variables include mother age, education, hobbies, income, and profession; and community aspects include health care resources. When it comes to making sure that kids are vaccinated, maternal interests play a big role. Using observational analytics and a cross-sectional research methodology, this study seeks to ascertain the association between mother interest and the completion of various vaccines for children at the Rejoslamet Integrated Health Post (Integrated Health Post) in Jombang District. Structured questions on maternal interest in the completeness of multiple vaccines and studying the KIA book were added in the questionnaire that was given to 42 women at the Rejoslamet village Integrated Health Post (Integrated Health Post), Jombang District. A combination of successive sampling and univariate and bivariate statistical analysis was used to analyze the collected data. At the Rejoslamet village Integrated Health Post (Integrated Health Post), Jombang District, a p value of 0.000 indicated a significant association between mother desire and the completion of multiple immunizations for children
Copyright (c) 2025 Septi Fitrah Ningtyas, Mudhawaroh, Niken Grah Prihartanti, Erni Sulistiawati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Analysis of Continuity of Care in Pregnant Women on Newborn Weight, Immunization, and Postpartum Contraceptive Use in Jember District
Introduction: Reducing the Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) to <70 per 100,000 live births is a global SDG target. Despite a decline in maternal deaths, infant mortality in East Java remains high. The Geliat Airlangga–UNICEF program applies a Penta Helix approach through continuity of care to improve maternal and child health outcomes. Objective: To analyze the effect of continuity of care for pregnant women on newborn birth weight, immunization, and postpartum contraceptive use in Jember District. Method: This observational analytic study involved 100 pregnant women supported by volunteers from December 2024 to June 2025 in three health centers. Data were collected from logbooks and analyzed using the Spearman correlation test. Result and Discussion: Most respondents (90%) were aged 20–35 years, 70% were primigravida, and 86% had MUAC >23.5 cm. A weak positive correlation was found between support frequency and newborn birth weight (r=0.185; p<0.05). No significant correlation was found with immunization status (r=0.163; p>0.05), while a weak negative correlation existed with postpartum contraception (r=-0.227; p<0.05). Continuous support improved maternal awareness and early detection but had varied effects on postpartum practices. Conclusions: Continuity of care positively influences pregnancy readiness and newborn outcomes. Strengthening community-based, volunteer-supported maternal care can contribute to reducing maternal and infant mortality in Jember District.
Copyright (c) 2025 Restiningsih Restiningsih, Nyoman Anita Damayanti, Armunanto Armunanto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Analysis of the Influence of Internet Use on the Occurrence of Stress Among Female Adolescents at SHS 7 Palu
Introduction: Around 68% of adolescents experience internet addiction linked to stress, anxiety, and depression. Initial observations of five students in Palu also showed that high internet use triggered symptoms such as anxiety and sleep disturbances. Objective: To analyze the influence of internet use on stress among female adolescents at SHS 7 Palu. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved all 275 female students selected through total sampling, with data analyzed using multiple linear regression. Results and Discussion: All variables significantly affected stress: internet use duration (t = 2.369; Sig = 0.019), social media use (t = 5.003; Sig = 0.000), cyberbullying (t = 4.060; Sig = 0.000), and online gaming (t = 4.978; Sig = 0.000). Conclusion: Longer internet use, higher social media activity, frequent cyberbullying, and increased online gaming all raise stress levels. Online gaming had the strongest influence, contributing 6.91% to stress.
Copyright (c) 2025 Riri Noviana, Abd Rahman, Ni Wayan Sridani, Rosmala Nur, Fauzan Fauzan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Relationship Between Stress Level and Sleep Quality with Primary Dysmenorrhea in Female Students of SMAN 19 Surabaya
Introduction: Primary dysmenorrhea, or menstrual pain without underlying pathological conditions, is the most common reproductive health disorder experienced by adolescents. The global prevalence of primary dysmenorrhea reaches 66.1%. Lifestyle factors may influence the occurrence of dysmenorrhea. Objective: This study aims to analyze the relationship between stress levels and sleep quality with primary dysmenorrhea among female students at SMAN 19 Surabaya. Methods: This study employed a quantitative approach with an analytical observational design. The research design used was cross-sectional. The population consisted of 10th- and 11th-grade female students of SMAN 19 Surabaya. A total of 217 samples were obtained using stratified sampling. Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using the Spearman Rank test (α < 0.05). Results and Discussion: The Spearman Rank analysis showed a significant relationship between stress levels and primary dysmenorrhea, with a p-value of < 0.001 (p < 0.05). A significant relationship was also found between sleep quality and primary dysmenorrhea, with a p-value of < 0.001 (p < 0.05). Conclusion: There is a relationship between stress levels and sleep quality with primary dysmenorrhea among female students at SMAN 19 Surabaya.
Copyright (c) 2025 Aurelya Arum Ariasty, Purwo Sri Rejeki, Dewi Setyowati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Description of Characteristics, Knowledge, and Behavior Towards the Hazards of Conventional Tobacco Cigarettes Among Cleaning Service and Security Workers Who Smoke
Introduction: Conventional tobacco cigarette smoking remains a major public health concern, particularly among occupational groups exposed to high work-related stress, such as cleaning service and security workers. Limited awareness of smoking-related health risks may contribute to continued smoking behavior and increased disease burden. Objective: This study aimed to describe the characteristics, knowledge levels, and smoking behaviors related to the dangers of conventional tobacco cigarettes among cleaning service and security workers at the Faculty of Medicine, University X, Jakarta. Method: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in July 2023 among cleaning service and security personnel who were active smokers. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire covering demographic characteristics, knowledge of smoking hazards, and smoking behaviors. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Result and Discussion: The results showed that 62% (31 respondents) had good knowledge regarding the dangers of conventional tobacco cigarettes, while 38% (19 respondents) had sufficient knowledge, and none had poor knowledge. In terms of smoking behavior, 38% of respondents always smoked, 24% often smoked, 34% sometimes smoked, and 4% never smoked in certain situations. Despite relatively adequate knowledge, risky smoking behaviors remained common. Conclusion: Although respondents generally had adequate knowledge, risky smoking behaviors persisted, indicating the need for targeted health education and smoking cessation programs for this occupational group
Copyright (c) 2025 Daniel Reinaldo Parsaoran Situmorang, Welly Salutondok, Vidi Posdo A. Simarmata https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Effect of Green Betel Leaf (Piper Betle) Decoction on Pathological Vaginal Discharge in Female Students of Cendrawasih Polytechnic Palu
Introduction: Pathological leucorrhea that is not properly treated can cause vaginitis, spread to the urinary tract, and lead to urinary tract infections with serious complications. Objective: To examine the effect of green betel leaf (Piper betle leaf) decoction on reducing the intensity of pathological leucorrhea among female students at Politeknik Cendrawasih Palu. Methods: This quantitative study applied a quasi-experimental design with a control group and pre-test post-test approach, involving 60 participants at Politeknik Cendrawasih Palu. Results and Discussion: Pre-test results showed that 61.7% of respondents were in the mild category and 18.3% in the severe category. Post-test findings indicated an increase in the normal category in the intervention group (30.0%). Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test revealed no significant change in the control group (p-value 0.1 > 0.05), while a significant effect was observed in the intervention group (p-value < 0.001), confirming the effectiveness of green betel leaf decoction. Conclusion: Green betel leaf decoction effectively reduces the intensity of pathological leucorrhea among female students
Copyright (c) 2025 Novita Lestari, Abd. Rahman, Fauzan Fauzan, Rosmala Nur, Ni Wayan Sridani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Risk Factors for HIV incidence in Men Who Have Sex With Men (MSM) and Viral Load Status in Indonesia: Literature Review
Introduction: HIV incidence among Men who have Sex with Men (MSM) continues to rise and is influenced by behavioral, social, and health-related factors. MSM remain a high-risk group due to risky sexual practices and barriers to accessing healthcare. Objective: This study aims to identify and analyze the key behavioral, demographic, social, and health determinants contributing to HIV infection among MSM, as well as to provide evidence-based recommendations for prevention strategies. Methods: This study employed a systematic literature review of 15 articles that met inclusion criteria from PubMed, PMC, and Google Scholar. Screening followed the PRISMA approach, and findings were synthesized qualitatively based on behavioral, demographic, social, and health characteristics. Results and Discussion: Risky sexual behaviors including unprotected anal/oral intercourse, multiple sexual partners, and receptive sexual positioning were identified as dominant contributors to HIV infection among MSM. Demographic factors (productive age, low education), social-psychological factors (stigma, discrimination, lack of family support), and sexually transmitted infections further increased vulnerability. Poor adherence to antiretroviral therapy resulted in unsuppressed viral load, heightening transmission risk. Conclusion: Comprehensive prevention strategies are essential, including behavioral education, MSM-inclusive healthcare services, stigma reduction, and strengthened ART adherence to reduce HIV transmission among MSM.
Copyright (c) 2025 Yunita Pratami, Rico Januar Sitorus, Najmah Najmah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
The Association Between Glaucoma Severity and Anxiety And Depression in Glaucoma Patients at DR. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
Introduction: Glaucoma is a chronic progressive disease and one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide. Vision loss due to glaucoma affects not only the physical aspect but also has an impact on the patient’s mental health. Poor mental condition may influence the success of therapy and reduce the patient’s quality of life. Objective: The objective of this study is to examine the association between the severity of glaucoma and anxiety and depression in the Eye Outpatient Unit of RSUD Dr. Soetomo Surabaya, Indonesia. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 50 glaucoma patients at the Ophthalmology Outpatient Unit of Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya. Mental health status was assessed through interviews using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). The Spearman’s rho correlation test was applied to evaluate the association between glaucoma severity and the presence of anxiety and depression. Result and Discussion: Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma (POAG) was the most prevalent type, and most cases were bilateral. Statistical analysis demonstrated a significant correlation between glaucoma severity and anxiety (r = 0.599), between glaucoma severity and depression (r = 0.520), and also between anxiety and depression (p = 0.001). Conclusions: The severity of glaucoma is related to anxiety and depression
Copyright (c) 2025 Raditya Effendi Milan Samudera, Evelyn Komaratih, Agustina Konginan, Yulia Primitasari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Prevention of Diabetes Mellitus Through Physical Exercise in the Cihanjuang Village Community
Introduction: Diabetes mellitus has become a growing public health concern in Indonesia, and rural communities are increasingly exposed to lifestyle-related risk factors while maintaining traditional work patterns. Objective: This study aimed to explore how community members in Desa Cihanjuang understand and practise physical activity as a strategy for preventing diabetes mellitus. Method: A qualitative descriptive design within an interpretivist–constructivist paradigm was employed. Twenty-two participants, including adult residents, community health cadres, health workers, and village leaders, were selected through purposive sampling. Data were generated through semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, non-participant observation, and document review, and were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. Result and Discussion: The analysis yielded four main themes: physical activity is largely perceived as ordinary work rather than intentional exercise; awareness of diabetes risk and the preventive role of physical activity is emerging but uneven; social, cultural, and environmental constraints limit engagement in structured exercise; and community-driven strategies, particularly group-based activities integrated into existing health programmes, represent promising entry points. Conclusions: Diabetes mellitus prevention in Desa Cihanjuang requires context-sensitive interventions that reframe physical activity, address everyday constraints, and strengthen community-led initiatives to support sustainable active living.
Copyright (c) 2025 Atik Handariati, Saleha Salihun, Gina Rizkyani Maulida, Muhammad Faizal Putra Mardiansyah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
The Relationship Between Compliance of Jumantik Cadres in Larvae Eradication and the Incidence of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF)
Introduction: Dengue hemorrhagic fever is a communicable disease that remains a major public health problem with high incidence and mortality. One prevention effort is mosquito nest eradication through the One House One Jumantik movement, which relies on the active role of Jumantik cadres. Objective: To determine the relationship between Jumantik cadre compliance in larval eradication activities and the incidence of dengue hemorrhagic fever in the community. Method: This was an analytical observational study with a cross sectional approach. The population consisted of all Jumantik cadres in the working area of the public health center, and samples were selected using purposive sampling. Data on cadre compliance were collected using a structured questionnaire, while dengue hemorrhagic fever cases were obtained from secondary surveillance data. Data were analyzed using the chi square test. Result and Discussion: The results showed a significant relationship between Jumantik cadre compliance and the incidence of dengue hemorrhagic fever (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Increased compliance of Jumantik cadres in implementing larval eradication activities can contribute to reducing the incidence of dengue hemorrhagic fever in the community.
Copyright (c) 2025 Louisa Ariantje Langi, Christian Ronald Tanggo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Characteristics and Influence of Squall Line on Moderate to Heavy Rain Phenomenon in Jambi Province
Introduction: Jambi Province is a region prone to moderate to heavy rainfall events that are often triggered by mesoscale convective systems such as squall lines. This study aims to analyze atmospheric conditions, squall line characteristics, and their impact on surface rainfall. Three squall line events on May 7, 2024, June 21, 2024, and May 17, 2025, were selected as case studies. Methods: The research methods include analysis of 3000 ft wind data, 850–500 mb layer humidity, 925 mb air pressure, Himawari-08/09 satellite imagery, weather radar data, and AWS rainfall. Radar data were processed using Rainbow software, while satellite data were analyzed using Sataid. Results and Discussion: The results show that the three squall line events are supported by high air humidity (70–90%), wind deflection, and a low pressure center along Sumatra. Weather radar is able to clearly display the formation and decay of squall lines, with a linear convective structure that is not detected by satellite imagery. Measured rainfall varied from light to heavy rain in areas crossed by the squall line. Conclusion: Weather radar is the most effective instrument in identifying the squall line in Jambi, while satellite imagery only supports monitoring convective clouds. These results are important as a basis for improving the accuracy of early warnings for extreme weather.
Copyright (c) 2025 M Randy Herdyansyah HB, Hutwan Syarifuddin , Asmadi Saad https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
The Relationship Between Parental Socioeconomic Status and Toddler Posyandu Attendance in Kareng Lor Probolinggo City
Introduction: Nutritional problems among toddlers remain a public health concern in Indonesia, including in Probolinggo City, where inadequate nutritional status and limited monitoring may hinder early intervention. Low attendance at community health posts for toddlers reduces the continuity of growth monitoring. The socioeconomic level of parents is considered one of the factors influencing attendance. Objective: To analyze the relationship between parental socioeconomic status and toddler attendance at community health posts in Kareng Lor, Probolinggo City. Method: This study used an observational analytic design with a quantitative approach and a cross-sectional method. A total of 100 respondents were selected randomly. Data were analyzed using the Chi-Square test and multivariate logistic regression. Result and Discussion: Parents with lower-middle socioeconomic status were entirely inactive in posyandu visits (100%), those with middle socioeconomic status were mostly active (64.5%), and all parents in the upper socioeconomic group were active (100%). Socioeconomic status showed a significant relationship with posyandu attendance (p < 0.05). Multivariate analysis indicated that the father’s occupation (OR = 16.43; p = 0.006) and household asset ownership (OR = 12.47; p = 0.005) were the dominant factors influencing posyandu attendance. Conclusions: Most parents had a middle socioeconomic level, and socioeconomic differences were associated with the activeness of posyandu visits. Father’s occupation and household assets were the key factors linked to higher attendance.
Copyright (c) 2025 Jayanti Febry Ayuningtyas, Pudji Lestari, Woro Setia Ningtyas, Dwiyanti Puspitasari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
The The Relationship between Aerobic Exercise and Blood Sugar Levels and Blood Pressure in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Introduction: Diabetes mellitus and hypertension are degenerative diseases with a high prevalence in the elderly population and commonly occur together as comorbidities, contributing to worsening metabolic and cardiovascular conditions. The coexistence of these diseases increases the risk of serious metabolic complications. Aerobic is a recommended non-pharmacological intervention because it helps control blood glucose levels, improves insulin sensitivity, and reduces blood pressure through mechanisms that enhance endothelial function and cardiorespiratory capacity. Objective: This study aims to analyze the relationship between aerobic activity levels and the status of diabetes mellitus and hypertension in elderly individuals diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the community. Method: An analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design. Result and Discussion: The Mann-Whitney test showed a significant association between aerobic activity and diabetes mellitus status (p = 0.001), indicating that lower aerobic levels were associated with higher glucose levels. Aerobic activity was also significantly associated with hypertension status (p < 0.001), showing that lower aerobic increased the likelihood of elevated blood pressure. Conclusions: Increasing aerobic activity is an important non-pharmacological strategy to manage metabolic and cardiovascular risks in older adults with diabetes, and should be integrated into structured community health programs.
Copyright (c) 2025 Farita Adhynda Amithya, Dwi Rosella Komalasari, Safari Wahyu Jatmiko, Agus Widodo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
The Factors Affecting The Occurrence of Neonatal Respiratory Distress (RDN) in The Neonatal Intensive Care Unit at RSUD Undata
Introduction: In 2022, about 15% of infants treated in the NICU of RSUD Undata experienced respiratory distress neonatal (RDN), mostly related to preterm birth and neonatal infection. Objective: To identify factors influencing RDN in the NICU of RSUD Undata. Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional study conducted from August to October 2025 involving 43 mothers selected through purposive sampling. Univariate analysis described variable distribution, while logistic regression identified factors associated with RDN. Results and Discussion: Logistic regression showed a Chi-Square of 42.396 (p = 0.000), indicating that low birth weight (LBW), neonatal infection, gestational diabetes, and maternal age simultaneously affected RDN. Partially, LBW (p = 0.016), neonatal infection (p = 0.028), and gestational diabetes (p = 0.041) significantly influenced RDN, while maternal age (p = 0.417) did not. Conclusion: LBW, neonatal infection, and gestational diabetes significantly contributed to RDN, with LBW as the most dominant factor.
Copyright (c) 2025 Iftitahurrohmah, Abd. Rahman, Rosa Dwi Wahyuni, Rosmala Nur, Ratna Devi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Factors Associated with Tuberculosis Among Patients in HoREX Baucau, Timor-Leste, 2025
Introduction: According to the World Health Organization (2023), an estimated 10.6 million people worldwide were affected by pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in 2022, an increase from 10.3 million in 2021 and 10.0 million in 2020. The global incidence rate in 2022 reached 133 new cases per 100,000 population. In Timor-Leste, although a slight decrease in TB incidence was reported in 2021—from 498 to 486 per 100,000 population—the burden of the disease remains high. National TB surveillance recorded 6,171 cases in 2023 and 1,570 cases in 2022, indicating ongoing transmission. Objective: This study aimed to identify the factors associated with the occurrence of tuberculosis among patients in HoREX Baucau in 2025. Methods: An analytical quantitative study with a cross-sectional design was conducted involving 89 respondents selected through purposive sampling from a population of 115 patients. Data were collected using questionnaires and checklists. Univariate analysis employed frequency distribution, bivariate analysis used the Chi-square test, and multivariable analysis applied multinomial logistic regression. Results: Nutritional status showed a significant influence on TB occurrence (p < 0.001), as did alcohol consumption (p < 0.001). Simultaneously, both factors demonstrated a significant combined effect on the incidence of tuberculosis (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Nutritional status and alcohol consumption are significant predictors of tuberculosis among patients in Hospital Referal Eduardo Ximenes (HoREX) Baucau. These findings highlight the need for strengthened nutritional support, alcohol-reduction interventions, and community-based prevention strategies
Copyright (c) 2025 Maximiano Oqui, Elisa de Deus, Judélia Carme Mendonça Coelho, Adriano Freitas Moreira, Remígia Auxiliadora de Jesus Ximenes, Olandino Evaristo Obeno, Saturnina Julieta Geri de Sena Amaral https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
The Influence Of Socio-Demographics, Literacy, And Self-Identity On Adolescent Attitudes Towards Early Marriage In Sigi Regency
Background: Child marriage in Sigi Regency has shown an increasing trend from year to year between 2020 and 2025. In 2020, a significant surge was recorded, which rose even more sharply in 2023. This increase is driven by various factors such as premarital pregnancy, economic pressure, and the influence of social media, especially in remote areas. Objective: To determine the influence of sociodemographic factors, literacy, and self-identity on adolescents’ attitudes toward early marriage in Sigi Regency. Method: This study employed a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design. The research was conducted in three sub-districts in Sigi Regency: Dolo Barat, Dolo Selatan, and Marawola, with a total sample of 100 respondents. Results: The Wald Test results for the variables Last Education (p = 0.046), Income (p = 0.048), Culture (p = 0.002), Literacy (p = 0.035), and Self-Identity (p = 0.040) indicate that education, income, culture, literacy, and self-identity have a significant influence on adolescents’ attitudes toward early marriage in Sigi Regency. Culture emerged as the most dominant factor, followed by literacy, education, self-identity, and income. Adolescents with these favorable conditions are more likely to reject early marriage practices. Conclusion: The study shows that education, family income, culture, literacy, and self-identity significantly influence adolescents’ attitudes toward early marriage in Sigi Regency, with culture being the strongest factor influencing adolescents’ attitudes toward early marriage.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nurhaviva Nurhaviva, Abd. Rahman, Ratna Devi, Rosmala Nur, Ni Wayan Sridani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Literature Review: The Role of Yoga Exercises and William Flexion Exercise on Muscle Activation and Lumbar Stability in Chronic Low Back Pain
Chronic Low Back Pain (CLBP) is a musculoskeletal disorder that often causes disability and a decrease in quality of life. Non-pharmacological management such as Yoga and William Flexion Exercise (WFE) are effective alternatives to improve lumbar stability and core muscle activation. This study uses a literature review method based on the PRISMA approach on 15 published articles between 2012–2024 that discuss the influence of Yoga and WFE on core muscle activation and lumbar stability in CLBP patients. The results of the study showed that Yoga plays a role in increasing the activation of transversus abdominis and multifidus muscles through an integrative mechanism between postural control, breathing, and body awareness. Meanwhile, WFE effectively strengthens the rectus abdominis and iliopsoas muscles, reduces intradiscal pressure, and decreases pain intensity. The combination of the two exercises has been shown to provide synergistic results in strengthening the stabilizing muscles and significantly reducing pain complaints. Therefore, the integrative approach of Yoga–WFE can be recommended as an effective, safe, and low-cost nonpharmacological rehabilitation strategy for people with CLBP
Copyright (c) 2025 Erma Juana Br Ginting, Dwi Rosella Komalasari, Wijianto Wijianto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
The Relationship between Student Self-Efficacy and Students' Stress Level Undergoing Clinical Practice for the First Time
Introduction: Stress is a common problem often experienced by nursing students during their clinical practice. Factors such as academic workload, new environments, and academic demands can increase the risk of stress. Self-efficacy are believed to play an important role in reducing stress levels. Objective: This study aims to determine the relationship between self-efficacy and first experience of clinical practice in students. Method: This study employs a descriptive correlational design with a cross-sectional approach, conducted at the Health Department of Subang State Polytechnic. The sample consisted of 120 students who would undergo clinical practice. Research instruments using questionnaire. Data analysis was conducted using the Spearman Rank test. Result and Discussion: The results showed that most students had high self-efficacy. There was a significant negative correlation between self-efficacy and stress levels (r = -0.310; p = 0.040). Programs focused on enhancing self-efficacy should be optimized within the nursing education context to better prepare students and enhance their ability to handle challenges in clinical practice settings. Conclusions: Self-efficacy were found to play a role in reducing students' stress levels.
Copyright (c) 2025 Achmad Vindo Galaresa; Firmansyah Firmansyah, Annisa Mazda Firdaus, Reggi Prathama https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Legal Compliance of Physiotherapists to Professional Competency Standards: A Case Study at Bintang Physio and Physiozone Physiotherapy Practices in Bandung
Intoduction: The physiotherapy profession plays a critical role in the healthcare system, particularly in improving physical function and patient recovery. However, challenges persist regarding the compliance of physiotherapists with legal and professional competency standards. Objective: This study aims to analyze the legal compliance of physiotherapists with the established professional competency standards at two private physiotherapy practices in Bandung: Bintang Physio and Physiozone. Method: A qualitative research approach was used, employing purposive sampling to select 10 participants, including physiotherapists and clinic managers. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, field observations, and document analysis. Result and Discussion: The results revealed that physiotherapists at both clinics generally adhered to legal requirements, including the possession of valid Surat Tanda Registrasi (STR) and Surat Izin Praktik (SIP). Furthermore, both clinics followed standardized operating procedures (SOPs) and maintained ethical conduct in their professional interactions. However, challenges such as economic pressures and market demands were identified as potential barriers to full compliance. Conclusion: In conclusion, while legal compliance is largely met in both clinics, ongoing support and education are necessary to address existing barriers and enhance adherence to professional standards
Copyright (c) 2025 Pandu Dwi Panulat, Ririn Andasari, Ayu Rizki Prabaningtyas, Muhammad Zahid Abdillah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
The Relationship Between Mothers’ Frequency of Visits to the Posyandu and the Nutritional Status of Toddlers in Jemah Village, West Java, Indonesia
Introduction: Nutrition is a key determinant of human health and development, especially in the toddler period, when inadequate intake can quickly lead to growth and health problems. Objective: To determine the relationship between the frequency of maternal visits to integrated health posts (Posyandu) and the nutritional status of toddlers in Jemah Village, Jati Gede District, Sumedang Regency. Method: This descriptive analytic study used a cross-sectional design. Data were collected through observation with an accidental sampling technique from 50 mothers and toddlers registered at Posyandu Mawar I–IV in Jemah Village. Result and Discussion: Most mothers were 26–35 years old, had a high school education, and were housewives. Most toddlers had good nutritional status, and 82% of respondents routinely visited the integrated health posts. Statistical analysis showed a significant positive relationship between visit frequency and toddler nutritional status (p = 0.001), indicating a very strong correlation. Conclusions: Routine maternal visits to integrated health posts are strongly associated with better nutritional status among toddlers in Jemah Village.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nia Reviani, Christine Handayani Tampubolon https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Precocious Puberty in a 4-year-old Child with 46,XX Disorder of Sexual Development: A Case Report
Introduction: Disorders of sex development (DSD) are congenital conditions in which there is a mismatch between chromosomal, gonadal, and phenotypic sex. Among 46,XX patients, the leading underlying disorder is congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) secondary to 21-hydroxylase deficiency. Precocious puberty in 46,XX DSD is rarely documented, particularly in Indonesia. Case description: A four-year-old girl presented with atypical genitalia noted since birth with progressive enlargement resembling clitoromegaly. Physical examination revealed ambiguous genitalia, pubic hair development, and obesity. Laboratory results showed hyponatremia, markedly elevated estradiol, progesterone, and 17-hydroxyprogesterone, with suppressed gonadotropins. MRI demonstrated a uterus, ovary, cervix, vagina with clitoromegaly, and the absence of testicular tissue. Karyotyping confirmed 46,XX with negative SRY gene. Bone age was advanced, corresponding to an 11.5-year-old boy. Discussion: These findings indicated 46,XX DSD due to classical salt-wasting CAH with precocious puberty. In this patient, androgen excess may have induced early puberty through aromatization to estrogen. Pubertal development in DSD can be absent, delayed, incomplete, or prematurely triggered. Conclusion: This case highlights a rare presentation of precocious puberty in a child with 46,XX DSD. It underscores the inherent complexity of DSD, where misalignment between chromosomal, gonadal, and phenotypic sex creates substantial challenges for both diagnosis and clinical management.
Copyright (c) 2025 Fitria Nugraha Aini, Catur Suci Sutrisnani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
The The Relationship Between Parental Income and the Role of Parental or Babysitter Care on the Incidence of Stunting
Introduction: Nutrition plays a crucial role in child growth and development. In Indonesia, stunting remains a major public health problem, with a prevalence of 21.5%, influenced by maternal health, socioeconomic conditions, and caregiving practices. Objective: This study aimed to determine the relationship between parental income, parental caregiving, and babysitter caregiving with stunting among children aged 24–59 months in the working area of the Ponggok Community Health Center in 2025. Method: This study employed an observational analytic method with a retrospective case–control design and was not a case report. The population consisted of mothers with toddlers aged 24–59 months. A total of 84 respondents were selected using consecutive sampling, comprising 42 stunted toddlers (case group) and 42 non-stunted toddlers (control group). Stunting status was determined based on height-for-age z-scores (HAZ) according to WHO standards. The independent variables were family income and caregiving roles of parents and babysitters, while the dependent variable was stunting incidence. Data were collected from Maternal and Child Health (KIA) books and structured questionnaires and analyzed using univariate analysis and Chi-Square tests (p < 0.05). Result and Discussion: Parental income was not significantly associated with stunting (p > 0.05), suggesting that income alone may not directly determine child growth outcomes. Factors such as nutrition knowledge, resource allocation, access to health services, and environmental conditions may influence this relationship. Conclusion: In contrast, parental and babysitter caregiving roles showed significant associations with stunting (p < 0.05), highlighting the importance of caregiving quality.
Copyright (c) 2025 Zakiya Nur Rahma Fadila, Sulistiawati Sulistiawati, Bagus Setyoboedi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Analysis of the Effect of Exercise Therapy on Reducing Pain in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Who Have Diabetic Ulcers
Introduction: Pain in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who develop diabetic foot ulcers substantially impairs mobility, wound management, and quality of life, and effective non-pharmacological strategies are urgently needed. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the effect of an exercise therapy program on pain reduction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with diabetic foot ulcers. Method: A randomized controlled trial was conducted involving 60 patients selected by consecutive sampling and allocated to an exercise group (n = 30) or control group (n = 30). The exercise group received an eight-week structured foot and ankle exercise program three times per week in addition to standard care, while the control group received standard care only. Pain intensity was measured using a 0–10 cm visual analogue scale before and after the intervention. Result and Discussion: Baseline pain scores were comparable between groups (6.83 ± 1.21 versus 6.77 ± 1.18). Post-intervention, mean pain decreased to 3.41 ± 1.52 in the exercise group and 5.93 ± 1.44 in the control group. Mean change in pain was −3.42 ± 1.37 versus −0.84 ± 1.10, respectively (t = 7.97; p < 0.001; standardized effect size = 1.99), indicating a large and clinically meaningful effect. Conclusions: Structured exercise therapy significantly reduces pain in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with diabetic foot ulcers and should be considered as an adjunct to standard ulcer management.