KESANS : International Journal of Health and Science
type: channel
description: KESANS : International Journal of Health and Science provides a means for ongoing discussion of the relevant issues that fall within the focus and scope of the journal that can be examined empirically. This journal publishes research articles about Health and Science. Articles published are the results of research, studies or scientific studies on important and current issues or scientific book reviews. The Scope of the KESANS : International Journal of Health and Science includes the following areas: Health: Medicine, Nursing, Midwifery, Public Health, Health Technology, Occupational Health and Safety, Pharmacy, and Physiotherapy Science: Botany, Zoology, Biosystematics, Molecular genetics, Biotechnology, Biodiversity, Microbiology, Ecology, Environmental science, Biospeleology, Food Technology, Agriculture, Forestry, Pharmacology, Biomedi Physics (Theoretical Physics Study, Geophysics, Materials Physics, Radiation Physics, Instrumentation Physics, Computing Physics, Astronomy and Astrophysics) Chemical (Analytical Chemistry, Medicinal Biochemistry and Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, Nuclear Chemistry and Radioactivity, Organic Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics, Sustainable and Environmental Chemistry, Theoretical and Computational Chemistry)
publisher: Rifa'Institute
language: en-US
publication name: KESANS : International Journal of Health and Science
issn: 2808-7380
items: https://kesans.rifainstitute.com/index.php/kesans/article/view/546
items: Relationship Between Breeding Places, 3M Plus Practices, and Insecticide use with Dengue Fever Incidence: A Literature Review
items: Systematic Review : Fast Food Consumption, Sedentary Lifestyle, And Adolescent Obesity
items: Comparison of Medical Device Calibration Compliance Between Paripurna and Utama Accredited Community Health Centers in Palu City
items: The Efektivitas Literature Review: Effectiveness of a Combination of Neuromuscular Taping and Balance Exercises on Postural Function in Patients with Peripheral Neuropathic Diabetes
items: Effectiveness of Audiovisual Nutrition Education via YouTube on Balanced Nutrition Knowledge and Attitudes Among Indonesian Adolescents: A Quasi-Experimental Study
items: Factors Related to the First Antenatal Care Visit (KI MURNI) at the Akle Regional Community Health Center
items: Comprehensive Comprehensive Analysis of the Implementation of Solid Medical Waste Management Systems in the Community Health Centers (Puskesmas) of Sungai Penuh City
items: Early-Life Exclusive Breastfeeding History and Its Association with Primary Enuresis in Preschool Children
items: Jean Watson's Nursing Model Theory Concept: Caring Theory in Nursing Care for Patients with Diabetes Mellitus at Jakarta Cempaka Putih Islamic Hospital
items: Analysis of the Role of the Chief of Nursing for Supervision in the Implementation of Nursing Care in HoREX Baucau
items: Occupational Noise Exposure in Open-Pit Coal Mining: Implications for Auditory Health, Safety Risks, and the Need for Real-Time Monitoring
items: Relationship Between Body Mass Index and Anemia in Pregnancy and the Incidence of Primary Postpartum Hemorrhage at RSUD Blambangan Banyuwangi
items: The Effect of Emotion Regulation on Teachers’ Work Motivation at the Pembina State Special School, North Sumatra Province
items: Diagnostic Challenges of Pediatric Tuberculosis in a Severely Malnourished Child from a Rural Area: A Case Report
items: The Association Between Maternal Knowledge of Immunization and Acceptance of Multiple Injection Immunization at Community Health Posts in an Urban Primary Healthcare Setting
items: Husbands’ Knowledge as a Determinant of IUD Contraceptive Selection in Pangalengan, 2025
items: Global Research on Menstrual Disorders and Adolescent Reproductive Health Outcomes (1980–2025): A Bibliometric and Science Mapping Analysis
items: Service Management Strategy of the Tirta Mayang Regional Water Company in Jambi City
items: Extreme Climate Index Projection using the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways Model (SSP 5-8.5) in Jambi Province 2026-2100
items: The Onset of Lactation among Postpartum Mothers at Private Midwifery Practice
items: Spatial Clustering and Hotspot Analysis of Dengue Fever in West Java Province, 2020–2024
items: Association of Stimulation and Sleep Duration with Developmental Outcomes in Children Aged 12–36 Months
items: Relationship between Work Shifts, Breastfeeding Facilities, and Family Support with Exclusive Breastfeeding Success among Working Mothers in Surabaya
items: Analysis of Maternal Knowledge and Complementary Feeding Patterns as Risk Factors for Stunting in Children Aged 6-24 Months

https://kesans.rifainstitute.com/index.php/kesans/article/view/546
type: item
title: The Relationship between Mothers’ Education Level, Knowledge Level, and Family Support, as well as the Role of Health Cadres, with the Motivation Level of Mothers of Toddlers to Visit the Posyandu in Takerharjo Village
description: Introduction: The posyandu plays a strategic role in improving maternal and child health, and its success depends on the active participation of mothers of toddlers in routine visits. However, posyandu visit rates in Takerharjo Village remain suboptimal and fluctuate over time, influenced by factors such as mothers’ education level, knowledge about posyandu, family support, and the role of health cadres. Objective: To analyze the relationship between mothers’ education level, knowledge level, and family support, as well as the role of health cadres, with the motivation level of mothers of toddlers to visit the posyandu in Takerharjo Village. Method: This study employed a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design. The research sample consisted of 81 respondents who met the inclusion criteria, selected using a cluster random sampling technique. The research instruments were questionnaires measuring education level, knowledge level, family support, the role of health cadres, and the motivation level of mothers of toddlers to visit the posyandu. The data were analyzed using the Chi-square test. Result and Discussion: Mothers’ knowledge level and family support showed a significant relationship with the motivation level of mothers of toddlers to visit the posyandu in Takerharjo Village. Mothers with good knowledge levels and high family support tended to have higher motivation to attend posyandu visits. Meanwhile, mothers’ education level and the role of health cadres did not show a significant relationship with the motivation level of mothers of toddlers to visit the posyandu. Conclusions: Most mothers had a high level of education, knowledge, family support, and motivation to visit the posyandu. Although the role of health cadres was generally rated as good, only mothers’ knowledge level and family support showed a significant relationship with motivation to visit the posyandu, while education level and the role of health cadres did not.
creator: Tri Yeni Fahmawati
creator: Dwiyanti Puspitasari
creator: Wahyul Anis
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Tri Yeni Fahmawati, Dwiyanti Puspitasari, Wahyul Anis https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
date: 2026-01-15
publication date: 2026-01-15
volume: 5
number: 4
starting page: 686
ending page: 698
doi: 10.54543/kesans.v5i4.546

Relationship Between Breeding Places, 3M Plus Practices, and Insecticide use with Dengue Fever Incidence: A Literature Review
type: item
description: Introduction: Dengue hemorrhagic fever remains a major public health problem in tropical countries, including Indonesia. Environmental conditions, community behavior, and vector control practices contribute significantly to dengue transmission. Objective: This literature review aimed to analyze the relationship between breeding places, the 3M Plus strategy (draining, covering, reusing, and additional control efforts), and insecticide use with the incidence of dengue fever Method: This study used a systematic literature review approach by searching Google Scholar, PubMed, DOAJ, and Garuda databases for articles published between 2015 and 2025. Studies examining breeding places, 3M Plus practices, and insecticide use in relation to dengue incidence were included. Results and Discussion: Eight studies met the inclusion criteria. Poorly managed water containers and inadequate waste management were associated with increased Aedes aegypti density and dengue incidence. Consistent implementation of 3M Plus practices was associated with reduced larval indices and dengue cases. Insecticide use was effective for short-term control but limited by resistance and improper application. Conclusion: Integrated vector management combining environmental sanitation, consistent 3M Plus practices, appropriate insecticide use, and community education is essential for sustainable dengue prevention.
creator: Nour Baeti Ferawati
creator: Nur Endah Wahyuningsih
creator: Mursid Raharjo
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Nour Baeti Ferawati, Nur Endah Wahyuningsih, Mursid Raharjo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-01-13
publication date: 2026-01-13
volume: 5
number: 4
starting page: 717
ending page: 725
doi: 10.54543/kesans.v5i4.561

Systematic Review : Fast Food Consumption, Sedentary Lifestyle, And Adolescent Obesity
type: item
description: development in which lifestyle choices have a substantial influence on long-term health. The rising incidence of obesity among adolescents can be attributed to the increased intake of fast food, which is heavy in calories, fat, and sugar, as well as a sedentary lifestyle. Objective: The purpose of this study is to examine the association between fast food intake, sedentary behavior, and obesity in adolescents, focusing on important contributing variables and potential solutions. Method: This literature review was carried out by examining relevant studies from databases Google Scholar. Articles published over the previous decade concentrating on adolescents were considered, whereas studies that did not expressly address obesity or included adult populations were eliminated . Result and Discussion: Frequent fast food consumption is linked to high calorie intake, poor nutritional quality, and an elevated risk of metabolic diseases. Furthermore, a sedentary lifestyle, which includes excessive screen time and little physical activity, increases the risk of obesity by supporting a positive energy balance. Effective solutions include school-based nutrition instruction, family participation, and regulations that regulate fast food marketing, as well as physical activity promotion techniques . Conclusions: Fast food intake and sedentary behavior are major factors to adolescents obesity. Addressing these challenges involves a multifaceted strategy that includes dietary changes, physical activity promotion, and policy-driven initiatives to encourage healthy habits. Further study is needed to create long-term obesity prevention measures for adolescents.
creator: Nabila Tasrif
creator: Yuliana Yuliana
creator: Kasmita Kasmita
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Nabila Tasrif, Yuliana Yuliana, Kasmita Kasmita https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
date: 2026-01-26
publication date: 2026-01-26
volume: 5
number: 4
starting page: 815
ending page: 828
doi: 10.54543/kesans.v5i4.510

Comparison of Medical Device Calibration Compliance Between Paripurna and Utama Accredited Community Health Centers in Palu City
type: item
description: Introduction: Compliance with medical equipment calibration is essential to ensure service quality and patient safety. However, not all medical devices in community health centers (Puskesmas) in Palu City have been calibrated according to standards. Objective: This study aimed to analyze differences in calibration compliance between Paripurna-accredited and Utama-accredited Puskesmas. Methods: A comparative quasi-experimental study with a posttest-only design was conducted at Kamonji and Lere Health Centers from August to September 2025. Total sampling was applied to all employees, yielding 127 respondents. Data were analyzed using the Independent Sample t-test. Results and Discussion: Kamonji Health Center showed higher instrumental compliance, while Lere Health Center demonstrated slightly higher normative compliance. Statistical analysis indicated a significant difference in calibration compliance between the two health centers (t = 2.726; p = 0.007). Conclusion: Calibration compliance was significantly higher at the Paripurna-accredited health center, suggesting that higher accreditation status is associated with better calibration practices. Strengthening supervision and documentation is recommended, particularly for Utama-accredited health centers.
creator: Manal Alhabsyi
creator: Ketut Suarayasa
creator: Abd Rahman
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Manal Alhabsyi, Ketut Suarayasa, Abd Rahman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
date: 2026-01-15
publication date: 2026-01-15
volume: 5
number: 4
starting page: 650
ending page: 659
doi: 10.54543/kesans.v5i4.530

The Efektivitas Literature Review: Effectiveness of a Combination of Neuromuscular Taping and Balance Exercises on Postural Function in Patients with Peripheral Neuropathic Diabetes
type: item
description: Introduction: Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy is a common complication of diabetes mellitus that leads to sensory and motor impairments, reduced proprioception, and postural instability, increasing the risk of falls and functional limitations. Neuromuscular taping and balance training have been proposed as non-pharmacological interventions to improve postural function in this population. Objective: This literature review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the combination of neuromuscular taping and balance training on postural function in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Method: A literature review was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses approach. Articles were identified from Publish or Perish and Google Scholar databases published between 2015 and 2025. Twelve eligible studies were selected based on predefined inclusion criteria and analyzed systematically. Result and Discussion: The reviewed studies demonstrated that balance training significantly improved static and dynamic balance, functional mobility, and reduced fall risk. Neuromuscular taping showed positive effects on balance, proprioception, and pain reduction. Studies combining neuromuscular taping with balance training reported more consistent and superior outcomes compared to single interventions, including improvements in postural stability and center of pressure parameters. Conclusion: The combination of neuromuscular taping and balance training is an effective and clinically applicable approach to improve postural function, reduce fall risk, and alleviate pain in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy.
creator: Asri Seftika Dewi
creator: Ummi Budi Rahayu
creator: Safari Wahyu Jatmiko
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Asri Seftika Dewi, Ummi Budi Rahayu, Safari Wahyu Jatmiko https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
date: 2026-01-15
publication date: 2026-01-15
volume: 5
number: 4
starting page: 699
ending page: 708
doi: 10.54543/kesans.v5i4.537

Effectiveness of Audiovisual Nutrition Education via YouTube on Balanced Nutrition Knowledge and Attitudes Among Indonesian Adolescents: A Quasi-Experimental Study
type: item
description: Introduction: Adolescents currently face a double burden of malnutrition amidst a rapid transformation in digital health information. Conventional educational methods often fail to effectively engage Generation Z, a demographic with a distinct preference for visual and interactive learning formats. Objective: This study evaluated the effectiveness of a YouTube-based audiovisual intervention in improving knowledge and attitudes regarding balanced nutrition among adolescents in a boarding school setting. Method: This quantitative study employed a quasi-experimental, one-group pretest-posttest design. Participants comprised 88 students from MAPK Jabal Hikmah, an Islamic boarding school in East Lombok Regency, Indonesia, recruited via total sampling. The intervention consisted of a structured educational video aligned with the Indonesian Balanced Nutrition Guidelines (Pedoman Gizi Seimbang). Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test due to the non-normal distribution of variables. Result and Discussion: The intervention yielded a statistically significant increase in nutrition knowledge (p < 0.001), with mean scores rising from 30,51 to 80,40. Attitude scores also demonstrated significant improvement (p < 0.001), increasing from 46,53 to 61,02. Notably, the proportion of students categorized as having a "good" attitude rose substantially to 98.9% post-intervention, compared to 39.8% at baseline. Conclusion: YouTube-based audiovisual interventions are an effective and efficient digital health promotion strategy for enhancing adolescent nutrition literacy. Future studies should incorporate a control group to strengthen internal validity and generalizability.
creator: Metha Dwi Tamara
creator: Ejeb Ruhyat
creator: Weni Tusrini
creator: Julham Effendi
creator: Nanda Berliana Tania Fidzikri
creator: Imam Syahputra Yamin
creator: Santi Deliani Rahmawati
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Metha Dwi Tamara, Ejeb Ruhyat, Weni Tusrini, Julham Effendi, Nanda Berliana Tania Fidzikri, Imam Syahputra Yamin, Santi Deliani Rahmawati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
date: 2026-01-15
publication date: 2026-01-15
volume: 5
number: 4
starting page: 660
ending page: 667
doi: 10.54543/kesans.v5i4.543

Factors Related to the First Antenatal Care Visit (KI MURNI) at the Akle Regional Community Health Center
type: item
description: Introduction: The maternal mortality rate (MMR) in Indonesia declined to 189 per 100,000 live births in 2020. However, this figure remains significantly above the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) target of 70 per 100,000 live births by 2030. One essential strategy to reduce MMR is to increase the coverage of antenatal care (ANC), particularly the initial visit (first ANC), which should occur before 12 weeks of gestation to facilitate early detection of pregnancy risks and prevent complications. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the factors associated with first ANC visits at Puskesmas Akle. Methods: This was an observational analytic study employing a cross-sectional design. The population included 138 pregnant women, with a sample of 50 participants selected through simple random sampling. Data were collected from medical records and analyzed using the chi-square test. Results and Discussion: The findings revealed that only 42% of respondents attended first ANC visits before 12 weeks of gestation. Significant associations were found between maternal age (p = 0.041) and parity (p = 0.014) and compliance with first ANC visits. However, no significant association was identified between maternal employment status (p = 0.976) and early ANC attendance. Conclusion: Compliance with early ANC visits remains low and is influenced by maternal age, parity, and accessibility to health facilities. Targeted health education and strengthened ANC services are essential to improving access for pregnant women, particularly those in underserved or hard-to-reach areas
creator: Nekha Helsa Paulina Upa
creator: Andriyanti Andriyanti
creator: Lilik Djuari
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Nekha Helsa Paulina Upa, Andriyanti Andriyanti, Lilik Djuari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
date: 2026-01-27
publication date: 2026-01-27
volume: 5
number: 4
starting page: 807
ending page: 814
doi: 10.54543/kesans.v5i4.558

Comprehensive Comprehensive Analysis of the Implementation of Solid Medical Waste Management Systems in the Community Health Centers (Puskesmas) of Sungai Penuh City
type: item
description: Introduction: The management of solid medical waste in primary healthcare facilities remains a critical issue, particularly in Sungai Penuh City, which operates five inpatient health centers serving nearly 100,000 residents. A nearly tenfold increase in waste volume from 2020 to 2023 driven by the surge in single-use PPE during the pandemic, limited availability of autoclaves, licensed incinerators, and cold storage, as well as open burning practices and delayed handover exceeding 48–72 hours high lights the need for a comprehensive assessment. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the current condition of solid medical waste management in the five major health centers and identify gaps in regulatory compliance. Method: A qualitative mixed-method approach was applied through field observations, structured interviews, and document review, validated using source and technique triangulation. Result and Discussion: Findings show that four key stages of waste management remain suboptimal: segregation scored 124 (inadequate), internal collection and transport scored 66 (highly noncompliant), and temporary storage scored 112 (highly noncompliant). In contrast, external transport and treatment scored 114 (highly compliant), though hindered by irregular scheduling. Conclusion: These results underscore the urgency to strengthen infrastructure, regulatory adherence, and scheduled waste transport systems. Future research should assess the effectiveness of eco-friendly technological interventions and competency-based training models to enhance safety and sustainability in medical waste management.
creator: Desmawirdani Sofyan
creator: Hutwan Syarifuddin
creator: Anis Tatik Maryani
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Desmawirdani Sofyan, Hutwan Syarifuddin, Anis Tatik Maryani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-01-13
publication date: 2026-01-13
volume: 5
number: 4
starting page: 598
ending page: 608
doi: 10.54543/kesans.v5i4.516

Early-Life Exclusive Breastfeeding History and Its Association with Primary Enuresis in Preschool Children
type: item
description: Introduction: Primary enuresis is a common developmental condition in preschool children and may negatively affect psychosocial well-being and family dynamics. Bladder control acquisition depends on neurological maturation, which can be influenced by early-life nutrition. Exclusive breastfeeding provides essential nutrients and bioactive components that support neurodevelopment. Objective: To analyze the association between early-life exclusive breastfeeding history and primary enuresis among preschool children. Methods: An analytic observational cross-sectional study was conducted in the working area of Lengkong Primary Healthcare Center, Nganjuk, Indonesia. A total of 228 children aged 3–6 years were included. Data were obtained using structured questionnaires completed by parents or caregivers. Associations were examined using the Chi-square test and binary logistic regression. Result and Discussion The overall prevalence of primary enuresis was 43.0% and was higher among younger preschool children. Primary enuresis occurred more frequently among children without a history of exclusive breastfeeding than among those with exclusive breastfeeding (p < 0.001). In multivariable analysis adjusting for child age, sex, family history of enuresis, toilet training and drinking habits, sleep pattern, and autonomic-related complaints, breastfeeding history remained statistically associated with primary enuresis. Conclusions: Early-life exclusive breastfeeding history is independently associated with a lower occurrence of primary enuresis among preschool children
creator: Syifa Pandya Pharahita
creator: Gatut Hardianto
creator: Astika Gita Ningrum
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Syifa Pandya Pharahita, Gatut Hardianto, Astika Gita Ningrum https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
date: 2026-01-26
publication date: 2026-01-26
volume: 5
number: 4
starting page: 761
ending page: 767
doi: 10.54543/kesans.v5i4.533

Jean Watson's Nursing Model Theory Concept: Caring Theory in Nursing Care for Patients with Diabetes Mellitus at Jakarta Cempaka Putih Islamic Hospital
type: item
description: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by high blood glucose levels (hyperglycemia) due to impaired insulin secretion. From the nursing model, according to Jean Watson, nursing interventions are applied with ten characteristic factors. This article aims to improve the quality of the nurse-client relationship through the process of caring, encouraging holistic healing, both physical and spiritual. The method in the concept of Jean Watson's model theory is the quantitative method. Assess the perception of caring nurses or patients using quasi-experimental surveys. The impact on nurses Jean Watson's nursing intervention findings significantly improved empathy and humanity, nurses' emotional well-being, and improved therapeutic communication skills. Jean Watson's study recommendations in the future include the development of a caring model in the digital era and health technology related to the application of caring in telemedicine and the causative factor applied when interactions are not face-to-face.
creator: Ain Atta Qiyan
creator: Irna Nursanti
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Ain Atta Qiyan, Irna Nursanti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
date: 2026-01-17
publication date: 2026-01-17
volume: 5
number: 4
starting page: 740
ending page: 750
doi: 10.54543/kesans.v5i4.541

Analysis of the Role of the Chief of Nursing for Supervision in the Implementation of Nursing Care in HoREX Baucau
type: item
description: Introduction: Nursing supervision is a managerial function that plays a crucial role in ensuring the quality of healthcare services in hospitals. The Head of Nursing holds strategic responsibility to direct, guide, and evaluate the implementation of nursing care so it aligns with professional standards and patient needs. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the role of the Head of Nursing in supervising the implementation of nursing care at Horex Baucau Regional Hospital. Method: A quantitative method with a descriptive correlational design and cross-sectional approach. The population consisted of the head of nursing and team leaders in inpatient and outpatient units, with a sample of 32 nurses and technicians. Sampling used a nonprobability total sampling technique. Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using the Spearman rho test. Result and Discussion: The results showed a significant relationship between the role of the Head of Nursing and the implementation of nursing care, with a significance value of 0.000 (p < 0.05) and a correlation coefficient of 0.627. This shows that the better the implementation of supervision, the better the implementation of nursing care by nurses. Conclusion: In conclusion, the managerial supervision function of the Head of Nursing is essential to ensure effective nursing care and improve service quality in hospitals.
creator: José Ximenes da Conceição
creator: Norberto da Costa Abi
creator: Eduardo Crisogono Gaio
creator: Virgilio Soares
creator: Damancio Alito Pinto
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 José Ximenes da Conceição, Norberto da Costa Abi, Eduardo Crisogono Gaio, Virgilio Soares, Damancio Alito Pinto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
date: 2026-01-27
publication date: 2026-01-27
volume: 5
number: 4
starting page: 779
ending page: 787
doi: 10.54543/kesans.v5i4.556

Occupational Noise Exposure in Open-Pit Coal Mining: Implications for Auditory Health, Safety Risks, and the Need for Real-Time Monitoring
type: item
description: Introduction: Noise is a dominant physical hazard in the mining industry that is often overlooked, despite its significant impact on auditory health and occupational safety risks, including fatigue and accidents. Objective: This study aims to identify the profile of noise exposure, analyze its impact on workers' hearing function and safety risks, and formulate optimal control strategies at a major coal mining services company. Methods: A descriptive observational case study was conducted in August 2025 at critical operational areas (Pit Road and Workshop). Primary data were collected using a calibrated Sound Level Meter referring to SNI 7231:2009 standards, while secondary data were obtained from workers' audiometric Medical Check-Up (MCU) results. Results and Discussion: Measurements indicated that 80% of sample points exceeded the Threshold Limit Value (85 dBA), with the highest intensity reaching 98 dBA in the Workshop area. MCU analysis revealed a prevalence of hearing impairment indications of 35% among operators with a service period of >5 years. High noise levels were also identified as potential factors reducing vigilance and hindering operational communication. Conclusion: Current administrative controls and the use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) are insufficient in reducing risks. The study recommends a transition towards technology-based continuous noise monitoring (IoT) and the integration of health data for more proactive OHS risk management
creator: Adenan Adenan
creator: Imam Syahputra Yamin
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Adenan Adenan, Imam Syahputra Yamin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
date: 2026-01-26
publication date: 2026-01-26
volume: 5
number: 4
starting page: 800
ending page: 806
doi: 10.54543/kesans.v5i4.562

Relationship Between Body Mass Index and Anemia in Pregnancy and the Incidence of Primary Postpartum Hemorrhage at RSUD Blambangan Banyuwangi
type: item
description: Introduction: Primary PPH is a leading cause of maternal mortality, and maternal factors such as anemia and nutritional status measured by Body Mass Index (BMI) may influence its occurrence. However, existing evidence on the association between these factors and primary PPH remains inconsistent. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the relationship between BMI and anemia during pregnancy and the incidence of primary postpartum hemorrhage at RSUD Blambangan Banyuwangi. Methods: A retrospective case–control design was used involving 120 postpartum women, comprising 60 cases of primary PPH and 60 controls without PPH. Total sampling was applied using medical records from January to December 2024. Data analysis employed the Chi-Square test, and risk estimates were calculated using Odds Ratios (OR). Results and Discussion: The major causes of primary PPH included uterine atony (43.34%), cervical rupture (28.33%), retained placenta (20%), and perineal rupture (8.33%). Anemia showed a significant association with primary PPH (p = 0.001; OR = 3.455), indicating that anemic pregnant women had a 3.4-fold increased risk of experiencing PPH. Conversely, BMI did not demonstrate a significant relationship with PPH, suggesting that nutritional status may play a lesser role compared to hematological factors. Conclusions: Anemia during pregnancy is significantly associated with primary PPH, whereas BMI shows no significant association. Enhanced antenatal screening and effective management of anemia are essential for reducing the risk of PPH.
creator: Izdihaar Yusriyyah
creator: Purwo Sri Rejeki
creator: Andriyanti Andriyanti
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Izdihaar Yusriyyah, Purwo Sri Rejeki, Andriyanti Andriyanti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
date: 2026-01-15
publication date: 2026-01-15
volume: 5
number: 4
starting page: 640
ending page: 649
doi: 10.54543/kesans.v5i4.513

The Effect of Emotion Regulation on Teachers’ Work Motivation at the Pembina State Special School, North Sumatra Province
type: item
description: Introduction: Special School teachers play an important role in special education in accordance with Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia No. 72 of 1991, because they not only teach but also accompany students with special needs to develop optimally. This role requires high work motivation, which is also strengthened by the support of family, principals, and colleagues. One of the factors related to motivation is the regulation of emotions, which is the ability to manage, balance, and express emotions adaptively in various situations. Objective: This study aims to determine the influence of emotion regulation on teachers' work motivation in the Special School (Extraordinary School) of the State Coach at the North Sumatra Provincial Level. Method: A quantitative method with a causal approach involved 73 teachers, data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using simple linear regression. Result and Discussion: Results showed a significant influence (R²=0.415; p=0.000<0.05), so that 41.5% of motivational variations were explained by emotion regulation and 58.5% by other factors. Conclusion: These findings confirm the need for emotional regulation training and organizational support to maintain work motivation, so that Special School teachers are more resilient to the demands of continuous daily student learning and behavior.
creator: Syahrul Fahri
creator: Inggrit Puspita Sari
creator: Chairiah Yulianti Sirega
creator: Anselma Lilis Cintami Saota
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Syahrul Fahri, Inggrit Puspita Sari, Chairiah Yulianti Sirega, Anselma Lilis Cintami Saota https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
date: 2026-01-15
publication date: 2026-01-15
volume: 5
number: 4
starting page: 668
ending page: 678
doi: 10.54543/kesans.v5i4.531

Diagnostic Challenges of Pediatric Tuberculosis in a Severely Malnourished Child from a Rural Area: A Case Report
type: item
description: Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global health problem affecting both adults and children, particularly in TB-endemic countries. Children are vulnerable to TB infection, especially those with malnutrition, which significantly impairs immune function and increases disease severity, mortality, and diagnostic challenges. Malnutrition may obscure typical clinical manifestations and reduce the sensitivity of standard diagnostic tests, leading to delayed diagnosis and treatment. Case description: a four-year-old girl with severe wasting, multiple cervical lymphadenopathy, hypoalbuminemia, and severe dehydration. The patient had a history of incomplete immunization and close contact with a TB case. Initial investigations revealed a negative tuberculin skin test and chest radiography suggestive of bilateral bronchopneumonia. Despite intravenous ceftriaxone and supportive therapy, no clinical improvement was observed. Further evaluation using a rapid molecular test from a gastric aspirate confirmed TB. Discussion: Severe malnutrition likely contributed to immune anergy, resulting in false-negative initial diagnostic findings and delayed TB diagnosis. This case highlights the limitations of conventional diagnostic methods in malnourished children and underscores the importance of molecular testing in high-risk pediatric patients. Conclusion: TB and malnutrition have a bidirectional relationship that worsens clinical outcomes. Early TB screening in malnourished children and routine nutritional assessment in TB patients are essential to improve diagnosis, treatment outcomes, and survival.
creator: Clara Firhan
creator: Farhan Dzaki Alfahri
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Clara Firhan, Farhan Dzaki Alfahri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
date: 2026-01-15
publication date: 2026-01-15
volume: 5
number: 4
starting page: 709
ending page: 716
doi: 10.54543/kesans.v5i4.538

The Association Between Maternal Knowledge of Immunization and Acceptance of Multiple Injection Immunization at Community Health Posts in an Urban Primary Healthcare Setting
type: item
description: Introduction: Multiple injection immunization is a service strategy that administers more than one vaccine in a single visit to improve immunization efficiency and coverage. Despite evidence of safety, parental concerns regarding adverse effects remain a major barrier to its acceptance. Maternal knowledge plays a critical role in decision-making related to childhood immunization. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the association between maternal knowledge of immunization and acceptance of multiple injection immunization at community health posts in an urban primary healthcare setting. Method: An analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design was conducted among 82 mothers with children aged 2–24 months, selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed using the Chi-square test. Result and Discussion: More than half of respondents demonstrated a high level of immunization knowledge (57.3%), and the majority accepted multiple injection immunization (68.3%). Among mothers who accepted multiple injections, 67.9% had a high knowledge level. Statistical analysis showed a significant association between maternal knowledge level and acceptance of multiple injection immunization (p = 0.001). Conclusions: Maternal knowledge of immunization is significantly associated with acceptance of multiple injection immunization. Strengthening educational interventions targeting mothers and families is essential to improve acceptance and sustain optimal immunization coverage.
creator: Haifa Rafiqa Sabrina
creator: Dominicus Husada
creator: Woro Setia Ningtyas
creator: Pudji Lestari
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Haifa Rafiqa Sabrina, Dominicus Husada, Woro Setia Ningtyas, Pudji Lestari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
date: 2026-01-15
publication date: 2026-01-15
volume: 5
number: 4
starting page: 679
ending page: 685
doi: 10.54543/kesans.v5i4.544

Husbands’ Knowledge as a Determinant of IUD Contraceptive Selection in Pangalengan, 2025
type: item
description: Introduction: Intrauterine device contraception offers superior efficacy and long-term benefits, yet utilization rates remain low in Indonesia. Husbands' knowledge significantly influences household contraceptive decisions within patriarchal family structures. Objective: This study examined the relationship between husbands' knowledge and intrauterine device contraceptive selection among couples of reproductive age in Pangalengan Subdistrict, Bandung Regency. Method: A descriptive correlational cross-sectional study was conducted with 86 husbands selected through purposive random sampling. Data collection utilized validated questionnaires assessing knowledge and contraceptive selection patterns. Chi-square analysis examined variable relationships. Result and Discussion: The majority of husbands (55.8%) demonstrated poor knowledge regarding intrauterine device contraception. Only 22.1% of couples selected intrauterine device methods. Statistical analysis confirmed significant relationships between husbands' knowledge and intrauterine device selection (p-value = 0.001). Among husbands with good knowledge, 63.6% selected intrauterine device contraception compared to 10.4% among those with poor knowledge, demonstrating clear dose-response patterns. Conclusion: Husbands' knowledge significantly influences intrauterine device contraceptive selection. Targeted educational interventions incorporating male engagement strategies are essential to enhance long-acting reversible contraceptive uptake and improve reproductive health outcomes.
creator: Matheus Aba
creator: Cici Liska
creator: Maya Soffa
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Matheus Aba, Cici Liska, Maya Soffa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
date: 2026-01-26
publication date: 2026-01-26
volume: 5
number: 4
starting page: 788
ending page: 799
doi: 10.54543/kesans.v5i4.559

Global Research on Menstrual Disorders and Adolescent Reproductive Health Outcomes (1980–2025): A Bibliometric and Science Mapping Analysis
type: item
description: Menstrual health has emerged as a critical public health priority, yet comprehensive mapping of research evolution, geographic disparities, and thematic trajectories remains absent. This bibliometric analysis systematically characterizes the global research landscape on menstrual disorders and adolescent reproductive health outcomes. Following PRISMA guidelines, 544 Scopus-indexed articles published between 1980-2025 were analyzed using Biblioshiny (R Bibliometrix package version 4.1.3) and VOSviewer version 1.6.19. Extracted metrics included temporal productivity, citation patterns, authorship networks, institutional contributions, geographic distribution, international collaboration structures, and thematic evolution through keyword co-occurrence analysis. The Louvain modularity algorithm identified research domain clusters. While menstrual health research demonstrates quantitative expansion and rhetorical paradigm shifts toward biopsychosocial integration, substantial implementation gaps, geographic inequities, and thematic fragmentation persist. The field requires decisive pivot toward implementation science, digital innovation, decolonial knowledge production, and adolescent-centered translational research to achieve population health impact. School-based digital screening systems represent untapped opportunity for early identification and intervention.
creator: Nur Khasanah
creator: Anita Liliana
creator: Melania Wahyuningsih
creator: Herliana Riska
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Nurkhasanah Nurkhasanah, Anita Liliana, Melania Wahyuningsih, Herliana Riska https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
date: 2026-01-27
publication date: 2026-01-27
volume: 5
number: 4
starting page: 829
ending page: 844
doi: 10.54543/kesans.v5i4.527

Service Management Strategy of the Tirta Mayang Regional Water Company in Jambi City
type: item
description: Introduction: Climate change places significant pressure on the sustainability of clean water services, especially in areas that rely on a single source of raw water. Objective: This study aims to analyze the service conditions of Perumdam Tirta Mayang, Jambi City based on customer perceptions, identify internal and external factors that influence service sustainability, and formulate adaptive management strategies in dealing with the impacts of climate change. Methods: The research used quantitative and qualitative descriptive methods through field observations, in-depth interviews, and distribution of questionnaires to 100 active customers in 11 sub-districts in the service area, which were analyzed using SWOT analysis and IFAS and EFAS matrices. Results and Discussion: The level of customer satisfaction is in the good category. However, challenges still arise in the form of dependence on the Batanghari River as the sole source of raw water, decreased water pressure during the dry season, and increased turbidity during the rainy season. The SWOT analysis resulted in a strength score of 3.50 and a weakness score of 1.79 for internal factors, as well as an opportunity score of 3.48 and a threat score of 1.71 for external factors, which places perumdam tirta mayang in quadrant I. Conclusion: Recommended priority strategies include accelerating the construction of new intakes and WTPs to diversify raw water sources, optimizing the use of digital technology in processing and distribution systems, gradually improving the piping network, and strengthening cross-sector collaboration, including with the government, universities, and community organizations
creator: Ade Prayatna Lubis
creator: Hutwan Syarifuddin
creator: Nazarudin Nazarudin
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Ade Prayatna Lubis https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-01-13
publication date: 2026-01-13
volume: 5
number: 4
starting page: 609
ending page: 619
doi: 10.54543/kesans.v5i4.534

Extreme Climate Index Projection using the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways Model (SSP 5-8.5) in Jambi Province 2026-2100
type: item
description: Introduction: Global climate change has caused an increase in the frequency and intensity of extreme rain events, including in Jambi Province which is vulnerable due to geographical conditions, land use intensity and the dominance of the plantation sector. Extreme rain events have the potential to cause flooding, damage infrastructure and disrupt food security, resulting in future climate projections to support mitigation and adaptation efforts. . Objective: The aim of the research is to project changes in extreme climate indices and analyze their spatial distribution patterns and impacts. Methods: The data used includes observed rainfall from 41 BMKG rain posts, CHIRPS reanalysis data, and CMIP6 model data for historical and projection periods. Results and Discussion: The research results show that most extreme rainfall indices have increased until the end of the 21st century. Intensity indices such as PRCPTot, RX1day, RX5day, R95p, and R99p show a significant upward trend, indicating an increase in very heavy rain events. Conclusion: Spatially, the central region is the area most vulnerable to increased rainfall extremes.
creator: Moch Nurul Riza
creator: Asmadi Saad
creator: Mohd Zuhdi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Moch Nurul Riza, Asmadi Saad, Mohd Zuhdi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
date: 2026-01-17
publication date: 2026-01-17
volume: 5
number: 4
starting page: 726
ending page: 739
doi: 10.54543/kesans.v5i4.542

The Onset of Lactation among Postpartum Mothers at Private Midwifery Practice
type: item
description: Introduction: The onset of lactation is the beginning of the breastfeeding process, marked by breast tenderness and the release of colostrum, which occurs ≤72 hours after delivery. Objective: This study aims to explore the onset of lactation in postpartum mothers at Private Midwifery Practices. Method: The study used a descriptive study method involving 83 postpartum mothers in 5 independent midwife practices in Surabaya. Statistical analysis used descriptive statistics through frequency distribution. Result and Discussion: Most postpartum mothers were in the reproductive age group (85.5%) and multiparous (73.5%). However, most postpartum mothers did not engage in Early Initiation of Breastfeeding immediately after giving birth (92.8%). Seventy-three percent of mothers had moderate knowledge about lactation, and 80.7% experienced a rapid onset of lactation. Conclusion: The onset of lactation is an important part that determines the success of breastfeeding to meet the nutritional needs of the baby
creator: Euvanggelia Dwilda Ferdinandus
creator: Ratna Dwi Jayanti
creator: Frieska Piesesha
creator: Nail Firah Zada Fauziyah
creator: Pionera Seconda Giyanti Putri
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Euvanggelia Dwilda Ferdinandus, Ratna Dwi Jayanti, Frieska Piesesha, Nail Firah Zada Fauziyah, Pionera Seconda Giyanti Putri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
date: 2026-01-30
publication date: 2026-01-30
volume: 5
number: 4
starting page: 845
ending page: 850
doi: 10.54543/kesans.v5i4.557

Spatial Clustering and Hotspot Analysis of Dengue Fever in West Java Province, 2020–2024
type: item
description: Introduction: Dengue fever, a vector-borne disease caused by the dengue virus (DENV) and transmitted by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes, has become a major public health problem in West Java, Indonesia. Objective: This study aimed to map high-risk zones of dengue fever in West Java from 2020 to 2024 using spatial analysis techniques. Method: The study used confirmed dengue case data obtained from the West Java Health Profile and applied ArcMap version 10.5 for spatial mapping and analysis, including Global Moran’s Index, Getis-Ord Gi*, Local Indicators of Spatial Association (LISA), and hotspot analysis. Result and Discussion: The results showed a shift in the spatial distribution pattern of dengue cases from random in 2020 to significantly clustered in subsequent years. LISA analysis consistently identified high-high clusters in Bandung Regency, Bandung City, Bogor Regency, Bogor City, Depok City, and Bekasi City, indicating persistent spatial hotspots. Getis-Ord Gi* analysis further confirmed these hotspots with varying levels of statistical significance throughout the study period. Conclusion: These findings indicate the presence of endemic pockets and underscore the need for targeted public health interventions in high-risk areas. This study highlights the value of spatial analysis in understanding disease patterns and in informing evidence-based dengue control strategies in West Java.
creator: Lailatul Mardhiyah
creator: Suhartono Suhartono
creator: Mursid Raharjo
creator: Nur Endah Wahyuningsih
creator: Sulistiyani Sulistiyani
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Lailatul Mardhiyah, Suhartono Suhartono, Mursid Raharjo, Nur Endah Wahyuningsih, Sulistiyani Sulistiyani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-01-18
publication date: 2026-01-18
volume: 5
number: 4
starting page: 751
ending page: 760
doi: 10.54543/kesans.v5i4.563

Association of Stimulation and Sleep Duration with Developmental Outcomes in Children Aged 12–36 Months
type: item
description: Introduction: Early childhood development during the golden years is crucial for future quality of life, yet developmental disorders remain a significant challenge. In Surabaya, Gundih Health Center showed the lowest coverage of developmental monitoring services. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the relationship between stimulation provision and sleep duration with developmental outcomes in children aged 12-36 months at Gundih Health Center, Surabaya. Method: A quantitative analytical study with cross-sectional design was conducted from April to September 2025. Using purposive sampling, 110 children aged 12-36 months were selected. Data were collected through questionnaires adapted from the Maternal and Child Health Book for stimulation assessment, Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire for sleep duration, and Developmental Pre-Screening Questionnaire for developmental assessment. Data analysis employed univariate and bivariate analysis using Spearman rank correlation test. Result and Discussion: Results showed that 48.2% of children had age-appropriate development, while 51.8% demonstrated questionable development or possible deviations. Statistical analysis revealed a significant relationship between developmental stimulation and child development (p=0.034, r=0.202), indicating that better stimulation correlated with appropriate developmental outcomes. However, no significant relationship was found between sleep duration and child development (p=0.323, r=0.095). Conclusions: Developmental stimulation significantly influences child development outcomes, while sleep duration does not show a direct significant relationship with developmental progress in children aged 12-36
creator: Yulia Purnama Sari
creator: Woro Setia Ningtyas
creator: Dwiyanti Puspitasari
creator: Gadis Meinar Sari
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Yulia Purnama Sari, Woro Setia Ningtyas, Dwiyanti Puspitasari, Gadis Meinar Sari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
date: 2026-01-15
publication date: 2026-01-15
volume: 5
number: 4
starting page: 628
ending page: 639
doi: 10.54543/kesans.v5i4.514

Relationship between Work Shifts, Breastfeeding Facilities, and Family Support with Exclusive Breastfeeding Success among Working Mothers in Surabaya
type: item
description: Introduction: Exclusive breastfeeding among working mothers remains a public health challenge in urban areas such as Surabaya, where work demands, shift patterns, limited breastfeeding facilities, and family support may hinder optimal breastfeeding practices. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the relationship between work shifts, availability of breastfeeding facilities, and family support with exclusive breastfeeding success among working mothers in the working area of Tenggilis Public Health Center, Surabaya City. Method: An analytic observational study with a cross-sectional design was conducted among working mothers with infants aged 7–12 months. Total sampling was applied, yielding 99 respondents. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed using Chi-square tests and multivariate logistic regression. Result and Discussion: Most mothers did not work in shift systems (56.6%), worked in facilities providing breastfeeding support (57.6%), and received family support (63.7%). Exclusive breastfeeding was practiced by 62.6% of respondents. All variables were significantly associated with exclusive breastfeeding (p < 0.05), with family support as the dominant factor (OR = 27.483; p < 0.001; 95% CI: 8.135–92.85). Conclusions: Work shifts, breastfeeding facilities, and family support were significantly associated with exclusive breastfeeding success among working mothers, with family support identified as the most influential factor
creator: Qonita Rizka Assavina Putri Ardiansyah
creator: Astika Gita Ningrum
creator: Sulistiawati Sulistiawati
creator: Mia Ratwita Andarsini
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Qonita Rizka Assavina Putri Ardiansyah, Astika Gita Ningrum, Sulistiawati Sulistiawati, Mia Ratwita Andarsini https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
date: 2026-01-26
publication date: 2026-01-26
volume: 5
number: 4
starting page: 768
ending page: 778
doi: 10.54543/kesans.v5i4.532

Analysis of Maternal Knowledge and Complementary Feeding Patterns as Risk Factors for Stunting in Children Aged 6-24 Months
type: item
description: Introduction: Nutritional status during the critical period of 6–24 months relies heavily on appropriate Complementary Feeding (MP-ASI), a practice directly modulated by maternal health literacy. Objective: This study analyzed the correlation between maternal knowledge levels and complementary feeding patterns with the nutritional status of children aged 6–24 months in Central Lombok Regency. Method: This cross-sectional study involved 73 mothers selected via consecutive sampling in the Penujak Public Health Center area. Maternal knowledge and feeding patterns were assessed using validated questionnaires, while nutritional status (Length-for-Age) was derived from secondary data. Data were analyzed using the Spearman’s rho test. Result and Discussion: Stunting prevalence was critically high at 57.5%. Most mothers (50.7%) had 'moderate' knowledge. Bivariate analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between maternal knowledge and nutritional status (r=0.297; p=0.011). Furthermore, a moderately strong correlation was found between complementary feeding patterns and nutritional status (r=0.531; p<0.001). Conclusion: Complementary feeding practices serve as a stronger determinant of nutritional status than knowledge alone. Interventions must shift from passive education to operational strategies, such as cooking demonstrations of local menus and the reactivation of Toddler Mothers’ Classes (Kelas Ibu Balita) to improve practical feeding skills.
creator: Imam Syahputra Yamin
creator: Nanda Berliana Tania Fidzikri
creator: Julham Effendi
creator: Metha Dwi Tamara
creator: Santi Deliani Rahmawati
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Imam Syahputra Yamin, Nanda Berliana Tania Fidzikri, Julham Effendi, Metha Dwi Tamara https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
date: 2026-01-15
publication date: 2026-01-15
volume: 5
number: 4
starting page: 620
ending page: 627
doi: 10.54543/kesans.v5i4.540