Social Return on Investment Analysis and Refractive Status in Baduy Mualaf Community Visionventure Program

Abstract

Introduction: Marginalized indigenous communities like the Baduy Mualaf face severe barriers to accessing eye care, leading to unaddressed refractive errors that impair daily visual function and productivity. Objective: This study evaluated the clinical refractive profile and monetized socio-economic impact of the Visionventure outreach program using a Social Return on Investment (SROI) framework. Method: A convergent parallel mixed-methods design was conducted among eighty-seven participants aged thirteen to seventy-nine in Lebak, Banten. Clinical refractions, structured surveys, and qualitative interviews were integrated to map and monetize program inputs, outputs, and adjusted outcomes. Result and Discussion: Refractive screening revealed an overall impairment prevalence of 74.7%, dominated by presbyopia (50.6%), myopia (20.7%), and organic ocular pathologies (2.3%). Over 96% of visual deficits were resolved on-site through spectacle provision. Program inputs of 10,000,000 IDR generated a Net Present Social Value of 24,570,000 IDR, yielding an SROI ratio of 2.46:1. Beyond clinical correction, the intervention restored adult agrarian productivity, improved learning ergonomics, and heightened health literacy. Conclusions: Decentralized optometric outreach effectively resolves functional refractive errors and delivers high, measurable socio-economic value (246% return), providing an impactful model for indigenous health service delivery.