Placement of Trash Bins in The Interior of The Hospital Emergency Department to Increase Comfort , Effectiveness , and Work Efficiency

How to Cite Levi Anatolia S.M.Exposto, Made Ida Mulyati/ Placement of Trash Bins in The Interior of The Hospital Emergency Department to Increase Comfort, Effectiveness, and Work Efficiency. Vol. 1, No. 6, March 2022 DOI https://doi.org/10.54543/kesans.v1i6.70 e-ISSN/p-ISSN 2808-7178 / 2808-7380 Publish by Rifa’Isntitute Placement of Trash Bins in The Interior of The Hospital Emergency Department to Increase Comfort, Effectiveness, and Work Efficiency


Introduction
Clean and healthy environmental conditions in the ER will improve the performance of health care workers regarding work results, work speed, work behavior carried out in accordance with patient expectations and timeliness in completing work (Chua et al., 2016). With work standards, health workers can measure how far the services they have provided. This will enable health workers to provide more targeted services.
One of the hazardous wastes is solid medical waste, such as infectious waste, pathological waste, sharp object waste, pharmaceutical waste, cytotoxic waste, chemical waste, radioactive waste, pressurized container waste, and waste with high heavy metal content8. The hospital environment as one of the public health service facilities is a gathering place for sick and healthy people so that it can become a place for disease transmission and allows environmental pollution and health problems (Ugbor & Kalu, n.d.).
Hospital activities produce various kinds of waste in the form of liquid, solid and gas. This has the consistency of the need for hospital waste management as part of environmental health management activities that aim not only to protect paramedics and patients but also to protect the people who live around the hospital. The hazard comes from environmental pollution originating from hospital waste (Ali et al., 2015).
To reduce environmental pollution, special handling of hazardous hospital waste is required. In particular, officers involved in handling medical waste must be provided with appropriate PPE (personal protective equipment) in handling such waste. Personal protective equipment such as handcuffs, masks, work clothes, shoes and helmets. But sometimes the PPE is ignored by workers in managing waste (Townend & Vallini, 2008). It is necessary to use PPE because hospital waste is considered a link in the chain of transmission of infectious diseases (very dangerous waste), waste can become a place for disease organisms to accumulate and become a nest for insects and rats. In addition, hospital waste also contains various toxic chemicals and sharp objects that can cause health problems and injury (Jaafari et al., 2015). Management of medical and non-medical solid waste in hospitals is very necessary for the comfort and cleanliness of hospitals, because they can break the chain of spread of infectious diseases, especially nosocomial infections.
Hospital waste management is very important because of its infectious and hazardous nature which can cause unwanted effects on human health and the environment. Government regulations and increasing public awareness regarding the issue of health care waste have forced health care units to adopt appropriate strategies to manage the waste generated mainly from the ER (Muduli & Barve, 2012). Good waste management does not only include sharp medical waste but includes hospital waste as a whole.
Seeing that the potential threat of hospital waste is very large, it is important to have hospital waste management. Management benefits Hospital waste management plays an important role in preventing outbreaks of infectious diseases and protecting the community from the transmission of diseases such as Reduction of medical costs due to reduced cases of infection, clean and healthy environment in hospitals, low incidence of public and occupational health hazards, low impact on the ecological system, prevention of epidemic potential, lower incidence of public health and occupational hazards, improvement of public health and a cleaner environment, improvement of the image of the establishment of health services and improvement of quality of life (Hirani et al., 2014).
Hospitals provide protection for patient safety, the community and the hospital environment are very important which not only affects the image of the hospital, but also for patients (Muduli & Barve, 2012). An uncomfortable emergency room does not help relieve patient suffering even though the time spent in the waiting room tends to be the most

Synthesis of data
Systematic Review was synthesized using a narrative method by grouping, similar extracted data according to the measured results to answer the objectives. The data that has been collected is then looked for similarities and differences and then discussed to draw conclusions.

Data analysis
At this stage, the data is analyzed and the results will answer the purpose of writing a systematic review, namely a non-medical waste management system in health care facilities from 2011-2021.

Results
The search results shown in table 1.4 are grouped by journal type to make it easier to see the type of data or journal type obtained through the search process, as follows: Based on the results of the search for articles that were collected from several databases mentioned above and screened based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, 5 articles were analyzed further. Of the 5 articles analyzed, it explains that hospital waste is classified as hazardous, one of which is solid medical waste consisting of infectious waste, pathological waste, sharp object waste, pharmaceutical waste, cytotoxic waste, chemical waste, radioactive waste, pressurized container waste, and waste. with high heavy metal content. The hospital environment as one of the public health service facilities is a gathering place for sick and healthy people so that it can become a place for disease transmission and allows environmental pollution and health problems including health impacts such as being stabbed with sharp objects, hepatitis, and even HIV.
From the 5 articles analyzed, it was also found that waste treatment is basically an effort to reduce the volume, concentration, or danger of waste, after the production process or activity, through physical, chemical, or biological processes. In the implementation of waste management, the first effort that must be done is preventive efforts, namely reducing the volume of hazardous waste released into the environment which includes efforts to manage waste at its source, as well as efforts to utilize waste. 5 articles were analyzed as in table 1.4. The placement of trash bins in the interior of the hospital emergency department aims to protect the public, especially patients and paramedics from the dangers of environmental pollution originating from hospital waste.

Discussion
The Emergency Room is one part of the hospital that provides initial treatment for patients who are sick or injured and who can threaten their survival. The emergency room as a place for overcoming medical actions must be designed to optimize medical service activities. The main criteria for designing the ER are the ease of access and circulation from the outside to the inside of the interior. So, hospital environmental management is very helpful in creating policies that preserve, protect, and monitor so that environmental pollution does not occur due to waste (garbage) generated from the emergency room (Longe & Williams, 2006).
The benefits of placing a trash can in the interior of a hospital emergency department are to help visitors to health facilities reduce the feeling of discomfort when they are placed in a waiting position and also that paramedics feel comfortable in providing health services effectively and efficiently. According to Sanwal A, et al. (2015) hospitals must have good hygiene and keep their premises clean (interior). The atmosphere is generally healthy and periodic mopping works. The emergency room has a high standard of cleanliness and a sterilization system so that it does not pose a risk to the community (patients) (Capoor & Bhowmik, 2017). Therefore, hospital waste management (ER) is very important, so the placement of trash bins in the interior of the ER is based on the type of waste as shown in Figure 1.5 below:  Storage and transportation of hospital waste, in general, must meet the following requirements: 1. Stored in a place that has the condition that it is made of strong material, light enough, rust-resistant, water-resistant, and has a smooth surface on the inside. 2. In a strategic place or location, evenly distributed in size according to the frequency of collection with color-coded bags that have been determined separately. 3. Placed in a dry or easy to dry place, the floor does not seep and washing facilities are provided. 4. Safe from irresponsible people, from animals, and free from insect and rodent infections. 5. Affordable by garbage collection vehicles According to Avier M. et al (2014) Hospitals should be considered a unique place compared to a 'normal' home environment because it can pose a potential risk of infection due to waste generated from health service activities in hospitals. For this reason, it is necessary to have good waste management or according to health standards (Mesfin et al., 2014). Waste management can endanger care staff, employees who handle healthcare waste, patients and their families, and local residents. In addition, improper treatment or disposal of waste can cause environmental pollution. Improper disposal of medical waste can cause damage to humans by sharp instruments, diseases transmitted to humans by infectious agents, and contamination of the environment by toxic and hazardous chemicals (Muhwezi et al., 2014).
Today many countries are designing strict management systems for the safe handling and disposal of hospital waste to minimize risks. In developed countries, technologies such as autoclaving and incineration are used for the treatment and final disposal of medical waste. medical waste has not received adequate attention (Patwary et al., 2011), Lack of awareness that psychologically comfortable waiting rooms can affect patients, and display a good image for the hospital.

Conclusion
Efforts to handle hospital waste, user factors need to be considered as a benchmark in designing the interior of the waiting room at the hospital (IGD). A sense of comfort in the waiting room can be achieved through an appropriate interior arrangement for its users. Factors that need to be considered such as garbage storage, color, labels, and lighting provide psychological influences that support the creation of a sense of comfort for patients and paramedics.